Abstract
The mechanism(s) by which carotid body senses low oxygen remains to be an active area of investigation. It is currently believed that hypoxia causes membrane depolarization, activation of voltage-dependent Cat+ channel(s), elevation in the cytosolic calcium, and release of neurotransmitter(s) leading to increase in the sensory discharge of the carotid body6’7. Multiple neurotransmitters are expressed in the carotid body including acetylcholine, catecholamines, substance P-like neuropeptides and gas molecules (see Ref. [7] for review). While acetylcholine (ACh) and substance P (SP) augment the sensory response of the carotid body, dopamine, enkephalins, and atrial natriuretic peptide inhibit the carotid body activity. Based on a variety of observations reported in the literature, it has been postulated that hypoxia facilitates the concurrent release of several neurotransmitters from the carotid body and potential interactions among these neurotransmitters are of importance in shaping the sensory response of the carotid body to hypoxia7. As a first step toward testing this hypothesis, in the present study, we have determined the release of SP and ACh from the carotid body in response to hypoxia and assessed whether the magnitude of their release is comparable or differs from each other.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
E. Chleide, and K. Ishikawa, Hypoxia-induced decrease of brain acetylcholine release detected by microdialysis, Neuroreport 1 (1990) 197–199.
R.S. Fitzgerald, M. Shirahata, and H.Y. Wang, Acetylcholine release from cat carotid bodies, Brain Res. 841 (1999) 53–61.
G. E. Gibson, and C. Peterson, Decreases in the release of acetylcholine in vitro with low oxygen, Biochem. Pharmacol. 31 (1982) 111–115.
G. Hanson, L. Jones, and S. Fidone, Physiological chemoreceptor stimulation decreases enkephalin and substance Pin the carotid body, Peptides. 7 (1986) 767–769.
R. E. Larson, and H. R. Martins, Early effects of glucose and oxygen deprivation on the spontaneous acetylcholine release from the myenteric plexus of the guinea pig ileum, Can J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 59 (1981) 555–561.
J. Lopez-Barneo, Oxygen-sensing by ion channels and the regulation of cellular functions, Trends. Neurosci. 19 (1996) 435–440.
N.R. Prabhakar, Oxygen sensing by the carotid body chemoreceptors, J. Appl. Physiol. 88 (2000) 2287–2295.
K. Saijoh, H. Fujiwara, and C. Tanaka, Influence of hypoxia on release and up-take of neurotransmitters in guinea pig striatal slices: dopamine and acetylcholine, Japan. J. Pharmacol. 39 (1985) 529–539.
J. Sanchez-Prieto, S. A. K. Harvey, and J. B. Clark, Effects of in vitro anoxia and low pH on acetylcholine release by rat brain synaptosomes, J. Neurochem. 48 (1987) 1278–1284.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2001 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Dong-Kyu, K., Summers, B.A., Prabhakar, N.R., Kumar, G.K. (2001). Neurotransmitter Release from the Rabbit Carotid Body: Differential Effects of Hypdxia on Substance P and Acetylcholine Release. In: Poon, CS., Kazemi, H. (eds) Frontiers in Modeling and Control of Breathing. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 499. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1375-9_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1375-9_6
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-5522-9
Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-1375-9
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive