Critical Systems Theory

Abstract

Critical systems theory has roots in soft systems theory. It addresses theoretical, ethical, and practical issues in systems practice with an eye towards balance and equity. Jackson points out the skewing that power imbalances inflict upon the soft systems method. He proposes three processes for remedying this situation. Ulrich describes the normative impact of break-offs in systems applications. He proposes a program of systems research based upon the social rationalities identified by Habermas as: instrumental, strategic, and communicative. He advocates a critically normative approach that operates dialogically with all the parties who are affected by planning decisions. Flood undertakes the liberation of systems theory from its self- imposed insularity, its objectivist and subjectivist illusions, and its internalized subjugations of discourse. He introduces, along with Jackson, a complementary approach to the use of different systems modalities.