Abstract
The use of the Zhurkov equation to predict the durability of polymers is discussed. It is expected that it will be obeyed when failure is controlled by a single, stress-biased, thermally activated process (e.g. a chain scission event). The mechanisms of failure are therefore considered and conditions identified for which the Zhurkov equation is likely to apply. Crack growth through chain scission at the crack tip is considered and the effect of the stress concentration is analysed. Estimates for the activation energy (42kJ/mol) and the activation volume (0.35nm3) are derived from data obtained with polystyrene samples.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Audouin,L,. DeBruijn,J.C.M., Langlois,V. and Verdu,J., 1994, Review: Role of oxygen diffusion in polymer ageing: kinetic and mechanical aspects. J Mater.Sci. 29: 569–583
Audouin,L., Gueguen,V., Tcharkhtchi, A. and Verdu,J., 1995, “Close loop” mechanistic schemes for hydrocarbon polymer oxidation. J.Polym.Sci.A:PolymerChem. 33: 921–927
Bueche,F., 1955, Tensile strength of plastics above the glass temperature. J Appl.Phys. 26: 1133–1140
Bueche,F., 1957, Tensile strength of plastics below the glass temperature. J Appl.Phys. 28: 784–787
Bueche,F., 1958, Tensile strength of plastics:effects of flaws and chain relaxation. J Appl.Phys. 29:1231–1234
Gillen,K.T., Wise,J. and Clough,R.L., 1995, General solution for the basic autooxidation scheme. Polym.Degrnd.Stab. 47: 149–161
Haworth,B. and White,J.R., 1981, Some measurements of internal stress and activation volume in acrylic polymers. J Mater.Sci. 16: 3263–3274
Kelly,C.T. and White, J.R., 1997, Photo-degradation of polyethylene and polypropylene at slow strain rate. Polym.Degrad.Stab. 56: 367–383
Krausz,A.S. and Eyring,H., 1975, Deformation Kinetics. Wiley-Intersci., New York
Li Tong and White,J.R.,1996, Photo-oxidation of thermoplastics in bending and compression. Polym.Degrad.Stab. 53: 381–396
Magnus,R., 1991, Multilayer weathering of PVC. Kunststoffe German Plastics 81(12): 19–21 [Translation of Kunststoffe 81:1113-1117]
Nabarro,F.R.N. and deVilliers,H.L., 1995, The Physics of Creep. Taylor and Francis, London
O’Donnell,B. and White, J.R., 1994a, Stress-accelerated photo-oxidation of polypropylene and glass fibre-reinforced polypropylene. Polym.Degrad.Stab. 44: 211–222
O’Donnell,B. and White,J.R.,1994b, Photo-oxidation of polystyrene under load. J.Mater.Sci. 29: 3955–3963
Popov,A., Rapoport,N. and Zaikov,G., 1991, Oxidation of Stressed Polymers. Gordon and Breach, New York [Translation of Okislenie orientirovannykh i napriazhennykh polimerov. Khimiya Publishers, Moscow, 1987].
Rabello,M.S. and White,J.R., 1996, Photodegradation of polypropylene mouldings containing weld lines: mechanical properties and surface cracking. Plast.Rubb.Compos.Process.Appl. 25: 237–248
Rabello,M.S. and White,J.R., 1997a, The role of physical structure and morphology on the photodegradation behaviour of polypropylene mouldings. Polym.Degrad.Stab. 56: 55–73
Rabello,M.S. and White,J.R., 1997b, Photodegradation of polypropylene containing a nucleating agent. J.Appl.Polym.Sci. 64:2505–2517
Sherman,E.S., Rarn,A. and Kenig,S., 1982, Tensile failure of weathered polycarbonate. Polym.Eng.Sci. 22:457–465
Struik,L.C.E., 1978, Physical Aging in Amorphous Polymers and Other Materials. Elsevier, Amsterdam
White,J.R. and Turnbull,A., 1994, Weathering of polymers: mechanisms of degradation and stabilization, testing strategies and modelling. J.Mater.Sci. 29: 584–613
Wise,J., Gillen,K.T. and Clough,R.L. 1997, Quantitative model for the time development of diffusion-limited oxidation profiles. Polymer. 38:1929–1944
Young,W.C., 1989, Roark’s Formulas for Stress and Strain. McGraw-Hill, New York
Zhurkov,S.N., 1965, Kinetic concept of the strength of solids. Int.J.Fract.Mechs. 1: 311–323
Zhurkov,S.N., Zakrevskyi,V.A., Korsukov,V.E. and Kuksenko,A-F., 1972, Mechanism of submicrocrack generation in stressed polymers. J.Polm.Sci.,A-2,Polymer Phys.Ed. 10 1509–1520
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2001 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
White, J.R. (2001). The Use of the Zhurkov Equation to Describe Polymer Ageing Processes. In: Mallinson, L.G. (eds) Ageing Studies and Lifetime Extension of Materials. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1215-8_52
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1215-8_52
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-5444-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-1215-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive