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Androgens and Androgen Receptor pp 17–55Cite as

Structural and Functional Analysis of the Androgen Receptor

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Abstract

The androgen receptor (AR) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, members of which function as ligand-inducible transcription factors that mediate the expression of target genes in response to ligands specific to each receptor, including steroids, retinoids, vitamin D, and thyroid hormone. Members of the nuclear receptor superfamily all share a common structure composed of an NH2-terminal transactivation domain and DNA and ligand binding domains. Nuclear receptors can be subdivided into three general types (Mangelsdorf et al., 1995 McKenna et al., 1999 Tsai and O’Malley, 1994). The classical steroid receptors such as AR, the estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), glucocorticoid receptor (GR), and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) are grouped as type 1 receptors. These receptors typically function as ligand induced homodimers, although heterodimerization between steroid receptors and other nuclear receptors has been reported (Chen et al., 1997c Lee et al., 1999 Panet-Raymand et al., 2000). The type 1 nuclear receptors typically bind to DNA response elements organized as inverted repeats (Mangelsdorf et al., 1995). The type 2 nuclear receptors dimerize with the 9-cis retinoic acid receptor (RXR) and include the receptors for vitamin D3 (VDR), thyroid hormone (TR), all-trans retinoic acid (RAR), and the peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPAR).

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  1. George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology, Urology, and Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA

    Cynthia A. Heinlein & Chang Chawnshang

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  1. Cynthia A. Heinlein
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  1. University of Rochester Medical Center, UK

    Chawnshang Chang

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Heinlein, C.A., Chawnshang, C. (2002). Structural and Functional Analysis of the Androgen Receptor. In: Chang, C. (eds) Androgens and Androgen Receptor. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1161-8_2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1161-8_2

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