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Molecular Epidemiology in Measles Control

  • Chapter
The Molecular Epidemiology of Human Viruses

Abstract

Molecular typing has unfolded an increasing diversity of measles virus genotypes. Based on at least 450 nucleotides of the C-terminal variable region of the nucleoprotein gene or the full-length hemagglutinin gene, viruses are grouped in eight clades (A-H) and 21 genotypes. The emerging geographic map of genotypes has revealed a more or less distinct distribution pattern allowing identification of routes of transmission and origins of imported viruses. In most regions in Asia (e.g., H2, G2), Africa (e.g., B3) and Europe (C2, D6) an indigenous genotype is prevalent. In other regions where indigenous measles was eliminated through vaccination, genotype occurrence is dictated by the origin of imported viruses. By demonstrating interruption of virus transmission in the Americas, molecular epidemiology has proven to be a powerful tool to monitor the success of vaccination efforts and progress towards measles elimination. The WHO recommends molecular typing as an important component of measles surveillance, in particular before intensified vaccination programs are enforced. Measles virus strains should be designated following the WHO nomenclature (e.g., MVi /Luxembourg. LUX/30.97/2 [D6]).

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  1. WHO Collaborative Center for Measles, Dept. of Immunology, Laboratoire National de Santé, 20A, rue Auguste Lumière, L-1011, Luxembourg, USA

    Claude P. Muller & Mick. N. Mulders

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  1. Claude P. Muller
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  1. Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, 17182, Solna, Sweden

    Thomas Leitner

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Muller, C.P., Mulders, M.N. (2002). Molecular Epidemiology in Measles Control. In: Leitner, T. (eds) The Molecular Epidemiology of Human Viruses. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1157-1_11

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