Skip to main content

Physical Activity, Physical Fitness and Coronary Heart Disease in the Seven Countries Study

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
  • 213 Accesses

Part of the book series: Developments in Cardiovascular Medicine ((DICM,volume 243))

Abstract

alike to be important to preserve health and prevent disease, along with other lifestyle patterns such as eating, drinking, and smoking habits, and psycho-social adjustment. However, the measurement of habitual physical activity is complex and uncertain. Measuring physical activity is needed to characterize both populations and individuals.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Powell KE, Thompson PD, Caspersen CJ, Kendrick JS. Physical activity and the incidence of coronary heart disease. Ann Rev Publ Hlth 1987; 8: 253–287.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Keys A, Aravanis C, Blackburn HW, Van Buchem FSP, Buzina R, Djordjevic BS, Dontas AS, Fidanza F, Karvonen MJ, Kimura N, Lekos D, Monti M, Puddu V, Taylor HL. Epidemiological studies related to coronary heart disease: characteristics of men aged 40–59 in seven countries. Acta Med Scand 1967;460:Suppl 180:1–392.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Menotti A, Puddu V. Ten-year mortality from coronary heart disease among 172,000 men classified by occupational physical activity. Scand J Work Environ Hlth 1979; 5: 100–108.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Menotti A, Seccareccia F. Physical activity at work and job responsibility as risk factors for fatal coronary heart disease and other causes of death. J Epidemiol Comm Hlth 1985; 39: 325–329.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Slattery ML, Jacobs DR jr, Nichaman NZ. Leisure time physical activity and coronary heart disease death. The US Railroad Study. Circulation 1989; 79: 304–311.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Pekkanen J, Marti B, Nissinen A, Tuomilehto J, Punsar S, Karvonen MJ. Reduction of premature mortality by high physical activity in 20 year follow-up of middle-aged Finnish men. Lancet 1987; 1: 1473–1477.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Caspersen CJ, Bloemberg BPM, Saris WHM, Merrit RK, Kromhout D. The prevalence of selected physical activities and their relation with coronary heart disease risk factors in elderly men: the Zutphen Study, 1985. Am J Epidemiol 1991; 133: 1078–1092.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Westerterp KR, Saris WHM, Bloemberg BPM, Kempen K, Caspersen CJ, Kromhout D. Validation of the Zutphen Physical Activity Questionnaire for the Elderly with doubly labeled water [abstract]. Med Sei Sports Exerc 1992; 24: S68.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Bijnen FC, Feskens EJ, Caspersen CJ, Giampaoli S, Nissinen AM, Menotti A, Mosterd WL, Kromhout D. Physical activity and cardiovascular risk factors among elderly men in Finland, Italy, and the Netherlands. Am J Epidemiol 1996;143:553–561.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Bijnen FCH, Caspersen CJ, Feskens EJM, Saris WHM, Mosterd WL, Kromhout D. Physical activity and 10-year mortality from cardiovascular diseases and all causes: the Zutphen Elderly Study. Arch Intern Med 1998; 158: 1499–1505.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Bijnen FC, Feskens EJ, Caspersen CJ, Nagelkerke N, Mosterd WL, Kromhout D. Baseline and previous physical activity in relation to mortality in elderly men: the Zutphen Elderly Study. Am J Epidemiol 1999; 150: 1289–1296.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Slattery K, Jacobs DR. Physical fitness and cardiovascular disease mortality. The US Railroad study. Am J Epidemiol 1988; 127: 571–580.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Keys A, Aravanis C, Blackburn H, Buzina R, Djordjevic BS, Dontas AS, Fidanza F, Karvonen MJ, Kimura N, Menotti A, Mohacek I, Nedeljkovic S, Puddu V, Punsar S, Taylor HL, Van Buchem FSP. Seven countries. A multivariate analysis of death and coronary heart disease. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press; 1980:1–381.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Keys A (Ed). Coronary heart disease in seven countries. Circulation 1970; 41 Suppl 1: 1211.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Menotti A, Keys A, Aravanis C, Blackburn H, Dontas A, Fidanza F, Karvonen MJ, Kromhout D, Nedeljkovic S, Nissinen A, Pekkanen J, Punsar S, Seccareccia F, Toshima H. Seven Countries Study. First 20 year mortality data in 12 cohorts of the Seven Countries. Ann Med 1989; 21: 175–179.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Dyer AR. A method for combining results from several prospective epidemiologic studies. Stat Med 1986; 5: 303–317.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Menotti A, Seccareccia F, Blackburn H, Keys A. Coronary mortality and its prediction in samples of US and Italian railroad employees in 25 years within the Seven Countries Study of Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Epidemiol 1995;24: 515–512.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Menotti A, Keys A, Kromhout D, Nissinen A, Blackburn H, Fidanza F, Giampaoli S, Karvonen M, Pekkanen J, Punsar S, Seccareccia F. Twenty-five year mortality from coronary heart disease and its prediction in five cohorts of middle aged men in Finland, the Netherlands and Italy. Prey Med 1990; 19: 270–278.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Buzina R, Mohacek I, Menotti A, Seccareccia F, Lanti M, Kromhout D, Keys A. Twenty-five year mortality from coronary heart disease and its prediction in two Croatian cohorts of middle-aged men. Eur J Epidemiol 1995; 11: 259–267.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Seccareccia F, Menotti A. Physical activity, physical fitness and mortality in a sample of middle aged men followed-up for 25 years. J Sports Med Phys Fit 1992; 28: 335–341.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Menotti A, Keys A, Kromhout D, Nissinen A, Blackburn H, Fidanza F, Giampaoli S, Karvonen M, Pekkanen J, Punsar S, Seccareccia F. Twenty-five year mortality from coronary heart disease and its prediction in five cohorts of middle-aged men in Finland, the Netherlands and Italy. Prey Med 1990; 19: 270–278.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Schuit AJ, Menotti A, Feskens EJM, Nissinen A, Tervahauta M, Giampaoli S, Kromhout D. Resting heart rate is a predictor of 10-year mortality in elderly men: findings from the FINE Study. Submitted.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Lange Andersen K, Masironi R, Rutenfranz J, Seliger V, Degré S, Trygg K, Orgim M. Habitual physical activity and health. WHO Regional Publications, European Series No. 6. Copenhagen, World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe, ISBN 92–9020-106–1. 1978:1–188.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Special Section: Public health aspects of physical activity and exercise. Public Health Reports (11 articles). J US Publ Hlth Sery 1985; 100: 118–124.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Leon AS. Physical activity and risk of ischemic heart disease-an update 1990. In: Sport for All. Oja P, Telama R (Eds). Elsevier Science Publishers BV, 1991: 251–264.

    Google Scholar 

  26. US Department of Health and Human Services. Physical Activity and Health. A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta GA, US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion 1996:1–278

    Google Scholar 

  27. Connelly JB, Cooper JA, Meade TW. Strenous exercise, plasma fibrinogen, and factor VII activity. Br Heart J 1992; 67: 351–354.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Rankinen T, Rauramaa R, Vaisanen S, Penttila IM, Uusutupa M. Relation of habitual diet and cardiorespiratory fitness to blood coagulation and fibrinolitic factors. Thromb Haemost 1994; 71: 180–183.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Lakka TA, Salonen JT. Moderate to high intensity conditioning leisure time physical activity and high cardiorespiratory fitness are associated with reduced plasma fibrinogen in eastern Finnish men. J Clin Epidemiol 1993; 46: 1119–1127.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Elwood PC, Yarnell JWG, Pickering J, Fehily AM, O’Brien JR. Exercise, fibrinogen, and other risk factors for ischemic heart disease. Caerphilly Prospective Heart Disease Study. Br Heart J 1993; 69: 183–187.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Ekelund IG, Haskell WL, Johnson JL, Whaley FS, Criqui MH, Sheps DS. Physical fitness as a predictor of cardiovascular mortality in asymptomatic North American men: the Lipid Research Clinics Mortality Follow-up Study. N Engl J Med 1988; 319: 1379–1384.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Hein HO, Suadicani P, Gyntelberg F. Physical fitness or physical activity as predictor of ischaemic heart disease: a 17-year follow-up in the Copenhagen Male Study. J Intern Med 1992; 232: 471–479.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Sobolski J, Kornitzer M, DeBacker G, Dramaix M, Abramowicz M, Degre S, Denolin H. Protection against ischemic heart disease in the Belgian Physical Fitness Study: physical fitness rather than physical activity ? Am J Epidemiol 1987; 125: 601–610.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Blair SN, Kohl HW, Paffenbarger RS jr, Clark DG, Cooper KH, Gibbons LW. Physical fitness and all-cause mortality: a prospective study of healthy men and women. JAMA 1989; 262: 2395–2401.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2002 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Menotti, A. (2002). Physical Activity, Physical Fitness and Coronary Heart Disease in the Seven Countries Study. In: Kromhout, D., Menotti, A., Blackburn, H. (eds) Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease: Diet, Lifestyle and Risk Factors in the Seven Countries Study. Developments in Cardiovascular Medicine, vol 243. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1117-5_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1117-5_9

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-5402-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-1117-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics