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Increasing Brain Healthspan by Dietary Restriction

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Diet — Brain Connections

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Abstract

The energy required to sustain cells throughout the body must be obtained in the diet. However, excessive calorie intake can promote many different diseases and can reduce lifespan. Conversely, caloric restriction (with maintained vitamin and mineral intake) can extend lifespan and can increase the resistance of the nervous system to age-related diseases including neurodegenerative disorders. Caloric restriction may exert beneficial effects in the brain by inducing a mild cellular stress that stimulates the production of proteins that enhance neuronal plasticity and survival, including neurotrophic factors and protein chaperones. Neurons in the brains of rats and mice maintained on caloric restriction exhibit decreased oxidative stress, enhanced cellular calcium homeostasis and increased resistance to a form of programmed cell death called apoptosis. Neuronal survival and behavioral outcome are improved by caloric restriction in animal models of Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and Hungtington’s diseases, and stroke. Caloric restriction may promote synaptic plasticity and thereby improve cognitive and motor performance, and can stimulate neurogenesis (production of new neurons from stem cells) which may increase the brain’s capacity for plasticity and self-repair. The discovery of profound beneficial effects of caloric restriction on the brain are revealing previously unrecognized molecular and cellular mechanisms whereby diet affects brain function and disease susceptibility.

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  1. Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Gerontology Research Center, 5600 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA

    Mark P. Mattson & Jaewon Lee

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  1. Mark P. Mattson
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  2. Jaewon Lee
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  1. National Institute on Aging, USA

    Mark P. Mattson

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© 2002 Springer Science+Business Media New York

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Mattson, M.P., Lee, J. (2002). Increasing Brain Healthspan by Dietary Restriction. In: Mattson, M.P. (eds) Diet — Brain Connections. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1067-3_5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1067-3_5

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-5378-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-1067-3

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