Abstract
The MAP kinase pathway plays a key regulatory role in a variety of cellular functions including cell growth and differentiation, and gene expression.1,2 This pathway is characterized by a family of protein-serine/threonine kinases known as mitogen-activated protein kinases or MAPKs. Activation of MAPK is mediated by several mechanisms including the stimulation of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR), such as muscarinic and angiotensin II receptors, or the activation of growth factor receptors via a protein-tyrosine kinase pathway.3,4 Protein kinase C (PKC), induced by phorbol ester tumor promoters, can activate the MAPK pathway in a Ras-independent manner.5 In addition, Ca2+ and cAMP-dependent pathways intersect with the MAPK signaling pathway, either stimulating or inhibiting it in different types of cells.6 Mechanisms of transactivation of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors in an EGF-independent manner, can mediate GPCR activation of MAPK.7
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© 2002 Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers
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Ríos, J.D., Ferdman, D., Tepavcevic, V., Hodges, R., Zoukhri, D., Dartt, D.A. (2002). Role of Ca2+ and Protein Kinase C in Cholinergic, and α1-Adrenergic Agonists and EGF Stimulated Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Activity in Lacrimal Gland. In: Sullivan, D.A., Stern, M.E., Tsubota, K., Dartt, D.A., Sullivan, R.M., Bromberg, B.B. (eds) Lacrimal Gland, Tear Film, and Dry Eye Syndromes 3. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 506. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0717-8_24
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0717-8_24
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
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Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-0717-8
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