Abstract
The Middle Horizon (AD 550-1000) was a time of many cultural changes, from northern Chile to Cajamarca (Figure 9.1). Burial practices, household organization, residence patterns, and/or ceramic styles were transformed in many places. New polities replaced old ones. Expansive states or empires emerged for the first time, unifying vast numbers of formerly independent cultural groups (Schaedel 1993). An emblematic new art became conspicuously popular. Its principal figure was a mythical person represented front face with ray appendages about the head, who grasped a staff in each outstretched hand (Front Face Staff God in the terminology of Ochatoma and Cabrera, this volume); secondary human figures kneel in profile with a staff held before the body. These and other icons appear to represent the ideology of a powerful new religion (Cook 1987, Cook 1994;Isbell 1983;Lanning 1967;Moseley 1992).
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Isbell, W.H., Cook, A.G. (2002). A New Perspective on Conchopata and the Andean Middle Horizon. In: Silverman, H., Isbell, W.H. (eds) Andean Archaeology II. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0597-6_11
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