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Marine Mammal Health: Holding the Balance in an Ever-changing Sea

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Marine Mammals

Abstract

Whales, dolphins, seals, and sea otters live in an environment that, for a mammal, may be the harshest on earth - too much salt, no oxygen to breathe, cold that drains body heat - and where food is hard to find, difficult to catch, and never guaranteed. Over millions of years, marine mammals have evolved adaptive mechanisms that allow them to survive - even thrive - under these conditions. Animals that come ashore weak or dying often reveal evidence of failed adaptations - such as electrolyte imbalance and emaciation - that can obscure or complicate other factors that may be at work. Here, we will review briefly a few of the physiological and anatomical specialisations essential for mammals in the marine environment. Then, using a young harbour seal and a sea otter as examples, we will show what happens to an animal as these adaptations gradually break down, and how disease often appears towards the end of that process. We conclude with a brief discussion of general concepts in marine mammal health, trends in the health of populations, and implications for the future.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Aquarium in Baltimore, 501 East Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD, 21202-3194, USA

    Joseph R. Geraci & Valerie J. Lounsbury

  2. Comparative Medicine Program, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201-1192, USA

    Joseph R. Geraci

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  1. Joseph R. Geraci
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  2. Valerie J. Lounsbury
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Sea Watch Foundation, Oxford, England

    Peter G. H. Evans

  2. University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain

    Juan Antonio Raga

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Geraci, J.R., Lounsbury, V.J. (2002). Marine Mammal Health: Holding the Balance in an Ever-changing Sea. In: Evans, P.G.H., Raga, J.A. (eds) Marine Mammals. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0529-7_10

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