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Cyclic ADP-Ribose and NAADP pp 269–299Cite as

The CD38-Cyclic ADP-Ribose Signal System in Pancreatic ß-Cells

The Discovery and Biological Significance of a Novel Signal System in Mammalian Cells

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Abstract

In the early 1980’s, we showed that maintenance of the cellular NAD+ level in β-cells of the islets of Langerhans is essential for the synthesis and secretion of insulin, and proposed a unifying model for the action of the diabetogenic agents alloxan and streptozotocin on pancreatic β-cells (Figure 1) [1–10]. Central to the model are breaks in the nuclear DNA of β-cells, resulting from either an accumulation of free radicals or from the alkylation of DNA. These breaks induce DNA repair involving the activation of poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase/polymerase (PARP), which uses cellular NAD+ as a substrate. As a result, the intracellular levels of NAD+ fall dramatically, which leads to energy depletion and the inhibition of cellular functions including insulin synthesis and secretion, and thus the β-cell ultimately dies.

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  1. Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8575, Miyagi, Japan

    Shin Takasawa & Hiroshi Okamoto

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  1. Shin Takasawa
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    Hon Cheung Lee

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Takasawa, S., Okamoto, H. (2002). The CD38-Cyclic ADP-Ribose Signal System in Pancreatic ß-Cells. In: Lee, H.C. (eds) Cyclic ADP-Ribose and NAADP. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0269-2_13

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