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PACAP: Discovery, Gene, Receptors

  • Chapter
Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide

Part of the book series: Endocrine Updates ((ENDO,volume 20))

Abstract

By the mid 1980s, all the classical hypothalamic hypophysiotrophic hormones had been isolated and identified. These included thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH), growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH), corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), somatostatin, and dopamine which inhibits prolactin release. However, the presence of other hypophysiotrophic hormones that specifically stimulate the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) or prolactin, as well as a hormone that regulates the function of non-glandular pituitary cells such as the folliculostellate (FS) cells could not be ruled out. On the other hand, the classical releasing hormones, TRH, LHRH, GHRH and CRH had been demonstrated to stimulate adenylate cyclase in cultured pituitary cells (Culler et al, 1984; Labrie et al, 1979; 1982) whether or not this activity was directly linked with the release mechanism for the corresponding pituitary hormone. Therefore, we assumed that if there were other releasing hormones in the hypothalamus, they would also stimulate pituitary adenylate cyclase. Based on this assumption, we screened the fractions of the ovine hypothalamic extracts for activation of adenylate cyclase in the rat pituitary cell cultures. The ovine hypothalamic extracts were fractionated by reverse phase-HPLC (RP-HPLC) and then cation ion exchange HPLC (IEX-HPLC). Each fraction was assayed for its ability to activate adenylate cyclase in the rat pituitary cell cultures (Miyata et al, 1989). The retention times of the fractions with cAMP activity from RP-HPLC were plotted on the abscissa, and those from IEX-HPLC were plotted on the ordinate of a map. The retention times in RP-HPLC correspond to the hydrophobicity and those in IEX-HPLC reflect electrical charge. The classical releasing hormones and somatostatin were also subjected to both RP-HPLC and IEX-HPLC, as the reference standards, and each of their retention times was also plotted on the same map. Any spot on the map that was different from those of the classical

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. US-Japan Biomedical Research Laboratories, Hebert Research Center,Tulane University Health Sciences Center, Belle Chasse, LA 70037, USA

    A Arimura

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  1. A Arimura
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  1. European Institute for Peptide Research, INSERM Unit 413, University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France

    Hubert Vaudry

  2. US Japan Biomedial Research Laboratories, Tulane University, Belle Chasse, Louisiana, USA

    Akira Arimura

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Arimura, A. (2003). PACAP: Discovery, Gene, Receptors. In: Vaudry, H., Arimura, A. (eds) Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide. Endocrine Updates, vol 20. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0243-2_1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0243-2_1

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