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Neuroblastoma: Functional Imaging

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Pediatric Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging

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Abstract

Neuroblastoma is a malignant tumor derived from primitive neural crest cells of the sympathetic nervous system. Primary tumors can arise anywhere along the sympathetic chain, most commonly occurring in the adrenal gland and retroperitoneum. More than half of patients will have metastatic disease at diagnosis, most commonly involving bone marrow and cortical bone. Neuroblastoma prognosis is widely variable, ranging from spontaneous regression to fatal disease in spite of intensive multimodality therapy. Multiple clinical and imaging tests are used to guide therapy and predict outcomes. Anatomic imaging modalities, such as CT and MRI, are used to evaluate the primary tumor and involved lymph nodes. Functional imaging agents, such as 123I-MIBG, 99mTc-MDP, and 18F-FDG, are used for whole-body evaluation of disease sites. Iodine-123-MIBG is the first-line functional imaging modality used in neuroblastoma. Technetium-99m-MDP bone scans have traditionally been used to assess cortical bone metastases. Use of 18F-FDG PET and PET/CT in neuroblastoma is increasing, especially in tumors with little or no MIBG avidity. This chapter will discuss the performance and interpretation of 123I-MIBG, 99mTc-MDP, and 18F-FDG scans in neuroblastoma patients.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA

    Susan E. Sharp MD

  2. Section of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA

    Michael J. Gelfand MD

  3. Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiological Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA

    Barry L. Shulkin MD, MBA

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  1. Susan E. Sharp MD
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  2. Michael J. Gelfand MD
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  3. Barry L. Shulkin MD, MBA
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Correspondence to Susan E. Sharp MD .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

    S.Ted. Treves

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Sharp, S.E., Gelfand, M.J., Shulkin, B.L. (2014). Neuroblastoma: Functional Imaging. In: Treves, S. (eds) Pediatric Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9551-2_19

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9551-2_19

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