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Diuretics

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Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Disorders

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Abstract

Diuretics promote Na+ and water excretion. Excretion of Na+ in the urine is called natriuresis, whereas diuresis refers to increased urine flow rate. In clinical medicine, two types of diuresis are recognized: solute diuresis and water diuresis. Solute diuresis results from a decrease in the renal tubular reabsorption of solute. Since water reabsorption follows solute reabsorption, inhibition of solute reabsorption generally diminishes water transport. However, water diuresis can be promoted without solute diuresis by drugs, which impair the action of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Examples include ADH receptor blockers (vaptans) and lithium. This chapter reviews briefly the various groups of diuretics, their physiologic action, clinical use, and complications.

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Suggested Reading

  1. Ellison DH, Hoorn EJ, Wilcox CJ. Diuretics. In: Taal MW, Chertow GM, Marsden PA, et al., editors. Brenner and Rector’s The kidney (9th ed). Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders; 2012. pp. 1879–916.

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  2. Reddy P, Mooradian AD. Diuretics: an update on the pharmacology and clinical uses. Am J Ther. 2009;16:74–85.

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  3. Seldin D, Giebisch G, editors. Diuretic agents. Clinical physiology and pharmacology. San Diego: Academic; 1997.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA

    Prof. Alluru S. Reddi Md, Ph.D

Authors
  1. Prof. Alluru S. Reddi Md, Ph.D
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Correspondence to Alluru S. Reddi Md, Ph.D .

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© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media New York

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Reddi, A. (2014). Diuretics. In: Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Disorders. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9083-8_5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9083-8_5

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-9082-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-9083-8

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

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