Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Metal Reactivity: Its Influence on Primary and Revision Outcomes

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Metal-on-Metal Bearings

Abstract

Outcome following Metal-on-Metal (MoM) Hip arthroplasty is dependent on patient, surgical and implant factors. This chapter describes the influence of metal reactivity on primary and revision outcome following MoM Hip arthroplasty. In doing so, we provide the evidence on metal reactivity on genetic and cellular/histology level and define the outcome of primary and revisions arthroplasties as reported by national registries, designer series and independent centres. Furthermore, this chapter highlights possible ways of improving outcome and describes the clinical pathways of patient management following MoM arthroplasty, described by national and international governing bodies.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Daniel J, Pynsent PB, McMinn DJ (2004) Metal-on-metal resurfacing of the hip in patients under the age of 55 years with osteoarthritis. J Bone Joint Surg Br 86(2):177–184

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Steffen RT, Pandit HP, Palan J, Beard DJ, Gundle R, McLardy-Smith P, Murray DW, Gill HS (2008) The five-year results of the Birmingham Hip Resurfacing arthroplasty: an independent series. J Bone Joint Surg Br 90(4):436–441

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Treacy RBC, McBryde CW, Pynsent PB (2005) Birmingham hip resurfacing arthroplasty. A minimum follow-up of five years. J Bone Joint Surg Br 87(2):167–170

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. McMinn D, Treacy R, Lin K, Pynsent P (1996) Metal  on metal surface replacement of the hip. Experience of the McMinn prosthesis. Clin Orthop Relat Res Aug(329 Suppl):S89–98

    Google Scholar 

  5. Wagner M, Wagner H (1996) Preliminary results of uncemented metal on metal stemmed and resurfacing hip replacement arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res Aug(329 Suppl):S78–88

    Google Scholar 

  6. Sieber HP, Rieker CB, Kottig P (1999) Analysis of 118 s-generation metal-on-metal retrieved hip implants. J Bone Joint Surg Br 81(1):46–50

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Weber BG (1996) Experience with the Metasul total hip bearing system. Clin Orthop Relat Res Aug(329 Suppl):S69–77

    Google Scholar 

  8. Amstutz H (2008) Hip resurfacing: principles, indications, technique and results, Vol 1. Saunders, Los Angeles

    Google Scholar 

  9. McMinn D (2009) Modern hip resurfacing, Vol 1. Springer, Birmingham

    Book  Google Scholar 

  10. Cohen D (2012) How safe are metal-on-metal hip implants? BMJ 344:e1410

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Garellick G, Kärrholm J, Rogmark C, Herberts P (2008) Swedish  hip arthoplasty register, annual report 2008. http://jru.orthop.gu.se. Last accessed 6 Sept 2013.

  12. Pandit H, Glyn-Jones S, McLardy-Smith P, Gundle R, Whitwell D, Gibbons CL, Ostlere S, Athanasou N, Gill HS, Murray DW (2008) Pseudotumours associated with metal-on-metal hip resurfacings. J Bone Joint Surg Br 90(7):847–851

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Gruber FW, Bock A, Trattnig S, Lintner F, Ritschl P (2007) Cystic lesion of the groin due to metallosis: a rare long-term complication of metal-on-metal total hip arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty 22(6):923–927

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Boardman DR, Middleton FR, Kavanagh TG (2006) A benign psoas mass following metal-on-metal resurfacing of the hip. J Bone Joint Surg Br 88(3):402–404

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. De Haan R, Campbell PA, Su EP, De Smet KA (2008) Revision of metal-on-metal resurfacing arthroplasty of the hip: the influence of malpositioning of the components. J Bone Joint Surg Br 90(9):1158–1163

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Campbell P, Shimmin A, Walter L, Solomon M (2008) Metal sensitivity as a cause of groin pain in metal-on-metal hip resurfacing. J Arthroplasty 23(7):1080–1085

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Langton DJ, Joyce TJ, Jameson SS, Lord J, Van Orsouw M, Holland JP, Nargol AV, De Smet KA (2011) Adverse reaction to metal debris following hip resurfacing: the influence of component type, orientation and volumetric wear. J Bone Joint Surg Br 93(2):164–171

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Schmalzried TP (2011) The future of hip resurfacing. Orthop Clin North Am 42(2):271–273, ix–x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Mahendra G, Pandit H, Kliskey K, Murray D, Gill HS, Athanasou N (2009) Necrotic and inflammatory changes in metal-on-metal resurfacing hip arthroplasties. Acta Orthop 80(6):653–659

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Willert HG, Buchhorn GH, Fayyazi A, Flury R, Windler M, Koster G, Lohmann CH (2005) Metal-on-metal bearings and hypersensitivity in patients with artificial hip joints. A clinical and histomorphological study. J Bone Joint Surg Am 87(1):28–36

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Grammatopolous G, Pandit H, Kwon YM, Gundle R, McLardy-Smith P, Beard DJ, Murray DW, Gill HS (2009) Hip resurfacings revised for inflammatory pseudotumour have a poor outcome. J Bone Joint Surg Br 91(8):1019–1024

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Tower S (2010) Arthroprosthetic cobaltism: identification of the at-risk patient. Alaska Med 52:28–32

    Google Scholar 

  23. Kwon YM, Glyn-Jones S, Simpson DJ, Kamali A, McLardy-Smith P, Gill HS, Murray DW (2010) Analysis of wear of retrieved metal-on-metal hip resurfacing implants revised due to pseudotumours. J Bone Joint Surg Br 92(3):356–361

    Google Scholar 

  24. Glyn-Jones S, Roques A, Taylor A, Kwon YM, McLardy-Smith P, Gill HS, Walter W, Tuke M, Murray D (2011) The in vivo linear and volumetric wear of hip resurfacing implants revised for pseudotumor. J Bone Joint Surg Am 93(23):2180–2188

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Grammatopoulos G, Pandit H, Kamali A, Maggiani F, Glyn-Jones S, Gill HS, Murray DW, Athanasou N(2013) The correlation of wear with histological features in failed hip resurfacing arthroplasty—an insight on failures associated with pseudotumours. J Bone Joint Surg Am 95(12):e81. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.L.00775.PMID:23783212

    Google Scholar 

  26. Jacobs JJ, Hallab NJ (2006) Loosening and osteolysis associated with metal-on-metal bearings: a local effect of metal hypersensitivity? J Bone Joint Surg Am 88(6):1171–1172

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Korovessis P, Petsinis G, Repanti M, Repantis T (2006) Metallosis after contemporary metal-on-metal total hip arthroplasty. Five to nine-year follow-up. J Bone Joint Surg Am 88(6):1183–1191

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Catelas I, Wimmer MA (2011) New insights into wear and biological effects of metal-on-metal bearings. J Bone Joint Surg Am 93(Suppl 2):76–83

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Anissian HL, Stark A, Gustafson A, Good V, Clarke IC (1999) Metal-on-metal bearing in hip prosthesis generates 100-fold less wear debris than metal-on-polyethylene. Acta Orthop Scand 70(6):578–582

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Dowson D, Hardaker C, Flett M, Isaac GH (2004) A hip joint simulator study of the performance of metal-on-metal joints: part I: the role of materials. J Arthroplasty 19 (8 Suppl 3):118–23

    Google Scholar 

  31. Dowson D, Hardaker C, Flett M, Isaac GH (2004) A hip joint simulator study of the performance of metal-on-metal joints: part II: design. J Arthroplasty 19(8 Suppl3):124–130

    Google Scholar 

  32. Doorn PF, Campbell PA, Worrall J, Benya PD, McKellop HA, Amstutz HC (1998) Metal wear particle characterization from metal on metal total hip replacements: transmission electron microscopy study of periprosthetic tissues and isolated particles. J Biomed Mater Res 42(1):103–111

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Gill HS, Grammatopoulos G, Adshead S, Tsialogiannis E, Tsiridis E (2012) Molecular and immune toxicity of CoCr nanoparticles in MoM hip arthroplasty. Trends Mol Med 18(3):145–155

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Fisher J (2011) Bioengineering reasons for the failure of metal-on-metal hip prostheses: an engineer’s perspective. J Bone Joint Surg Br 93(8):1001–1004

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Leslie IJ, Williams S, Isaac G, Ingham E, Fisher J (2009) High cup angle and microseparation increase the wear of hip surface replacements. Clin Orthop Relat Res 467(9):2259–2265

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Williams S, Leslie I, Isaac G, Jin Z, Ingham E, Fisher J (2008) Tribology and wear of metal-on-metal hip prostheses: influence of cup angle and head position. J Bone Joint Surg Am 90(Suppl 3):111–117

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Williams S, Stewart TD, Ingham E, Stone MH, Fisher J (2004) Metal-on-metal bearing wear with different swing phase loads. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 70(2):233–239

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Bolland BJ, Culliford DJ, Langton DJ, Millington JP, Arden NK, Latham JM (2011) High failure rates with a large-diameter hybrid metal-on-metal total hip replacement: clinical, radiological and retrieval analysis. J Bone Joint Surg Br 93(5):608–615

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Langton DJ, Jameson SS, Joyce TJ, Gandhi JN, Sidaginamale R, Mereddy P, Lord J, Nargol AV (2011) Accelerating failure rate of the ASR total hip replacement. J Bone Joint Surg Br 93(8):1011–1016

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Donell ST, Darrah C, Nolan JF, Wimhurst J, Toms A, Barker TH, Case CP, Tucker JK (2010) Early failure of the Ultima metal-on-metal total hip replacement in the presence of normal plain radiographs. J Bone Joint Surg Br 92(11):1501–1508

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Jacobs JJ, Skipor AK, Patterson LM, Hallab NJ, Paprosky WG, Black J, Galante JO (1998) Metal release in patients who have had a primary total hip arthroplasty. A prospective, controlled, longitudinal study. J Bone Joint Surg Am 80(10):1447–1458

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Pourzal R, Catelas I, Theissmann R, Kaddick C, Fischer A (2011) Characterization of wear particles generated from CoCrMo alloy under sliding wear conditions. Wear 271(9–10):1658–1666

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Mabilleau G, Bourdon S, Joly-Guillou ML, Filmon R, Basle MF, Chappard D (2006) Influence of fluoride, hydrogen peroxide and lactic acid on the corrosion resistance of commercially pure titanium. Acta Biomater 2(1):121–129

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Merritt K, Brown SA (1995) Release of hexavalent chromium from corrosion of stainless steel and cobalt-chromium alloys. J Biomed Mater Res 29(5):627–633

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Merritt K, Fedele CD, Brown SA (1991) Chromium 6 + or 3 + release during corrosion and in-vivo distribution. In: Doherty PJ, Willians RL, Williams DF, Lee AJC (eds). Elsevier, Chester, pp 49–53

    Google Scholar 

  46. Catelas I, Petit A, Zukor DJ, Antoniou J, Huk OL (2003) TNF-a secretion and macrophage mortality induced by cobalt and chromium ions in vitro-qualitative analysis of apoptosis. BioMaterials 24:383–391

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Kwon YM, Xia Z, Glyn-Jones S, Beard D, Gill HS, Murray DW (2009) Dose-dependent cytotoxicity of clinically relevant cobalt nanoparticles and ions on macrophages in vitro. Biomed Mater 4(2):25018

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Akbar M, Brewer JM, Grant MH (2011) Effect of chromium and cobalt ions on primary human lymphocytes in vitro. J Immunotoxicol 8(2):140–149

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Yue H, Wei W, Yue Z, P Lv, Wang L, Ma G, Su Z (2010) Particle size affects the cellular response in macrophages. Eur J Pharm Sci 41(5):650–657

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. IARC (2006) IARC Monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risk to humans. Cobalt in hard metals & cobalt sulfate, gallium arsenide, indium phosphide and vanadium pentoxide. In: Cancer IAfRo (ed). Vol 86. World Health Organisation, Lyon. http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Monographs/vol86/. Last accessed 6 Sept 2013.

  51. IARC (1990) IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of carcinogenic 2 to humans. Chromium and Chromium Compounds Vol 49–6. World Health Organisation. http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Monographs/vol49/. Last accessed 6 Sept 2013.

  52. Baldwin EL, Byl JA, Osheroff N (2004) Cobalt enhances DNA cleavage mediated by human topoisomerase II alpha in vitro and in cultured cells. BioChemistry 43(3):728–735

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Colognato R, Bonelli A, Ponti J, Farina M, Bergamaschi E, Sabbioni E, Migliore L (2008) Comparative genotoxicity of cobalt nanoparticles and ions on human peripheral leukocytes in vitro. Mutagenesis 23(5):377–382

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Dunstan E, Ladon D, Whittingharn-Jones P, Carrington R, Briggs TW (2008) Chromosomal aberrations in the peripheral blood of patients with metal-on-metal hip bearings. J Bone Joint Surg Am 90(A-3):517–522

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. El-Yamani N, Zuniga L, Stoyanova E, Creus A, Marcos R (2011) Chromium-induced genotoxicity and interference in human lymphoblastoid cell (TK6) repair processes. J Toxicol Environ Health A 74(15–16):1030–1039

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Papageorgiou I, Brown C, Schins R, Singh S, Newson R, Davis S, Fisher J, Ingham E, Case CP (2007) The effect of nano- and micron-sized particles of cobalt-chromium alloy on human fibroblasts in vitro. BioMaterials 28(19):2946–2958

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Ladon D, Doherty A, Newson R, Turner J, Bhamra M, Case CP (2004) Changes in metal levels and chromosome aberrations in the peripheral blood of patients after metal-on-metal hip arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty 19(8 Suppl3):78–83

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. Visuri T, Pukkala E, Pulkkinen P, Paavolainen P (2006) Cancer incidence and causes of death among total hip replacement patients: a review based on Nordic cohorts with a special emphasis on metal-on-metal bearings. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 220:399–407

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Visuri T, Koskenvuo M (1991) Cancer risk after Mckee-Farrar total hip replacement. Orthopedics 14(2):137–142

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Smith AJ, Dieppe P, Porter M, Blom AW, National Joint Registry of England and Wales (2012) Risk of cancer in first seven years after metal-on-metal hip replacement compared with other bearings and general population: linkage study between the National Joint Registry of England and Wales and hospital episode statistics. Brit Med J 344:e2383

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. Kwon YM, Ostlere SJ, McLardy-Smith P, Athanasou NA, Gill HS, Murray DW (2010) “Asymptomatic” pseudotumors after metal-on-metal hip resurfacing arthroplasty prevalence and metal ion study. J Arthroplasty 26(4):511–518

    Article  Google Scholar 

  62. Dawson J, Fitzpatrick R, Frost S, Gundle R, McLardy-Smith P, Murray D (2001) Evidence for the validity of a patient-based instrument for assessment of outcome after revision hip replacement. J Bone Joint Surg Br 83(8):1125–1129

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Murray DW, Fitzpatrick R, Rogers K, Pandit H, Beard DJ, Carr AJ, Dawson J (2007) The use of the Oxford hip and knee scores. J Bone Joint Surg Br 89(8):1010–1014

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Williams DH, Greidanus NV, Masri BA, Duncan CP, Garbuz DS (2011) Prevalence of pseudotumor in asymptomatic patients after metal-on-metal hip arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Am 93(23):2164–2171

    Article  Google Scholar 

  65. Malek IA, King A, Sharma H, Malek S, Lyons K, Jones S, John A (2012) The sensitivity, specificity and predictive values of raised plasma metal ion levels in the diagnosis of adverse reaction to metal debris in symptomatic patients with a metal-on-metal arthroplasty of the hip. J Bone Joint Surg Br 94(8):1045–1050

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Hart AJ, Matthies A, Henckel J, Ilo K, Skinner J, Noble PC (2012) Understanding why metal-on-metal hip arthroplasties fail: a comparison between patients with well-functioning and revised birmingham hip resurfacing arthroplasties. AAOS exhibit selection. J Bone Joint Surg Am 94(4):e22

    Google Scholar 

  67. Van Der Straeten C, Grammatopoulos G, Gill HS, Calistri A, Campbell P, De Smet KA (2013) The 2012 Otto Aufranc Award: The interpretation of metal ion levels in unilateral and bilateral hip resurfacing. Clin Orthop Relat Res 471(2):377–385. doi: 10.1007/s11999-012-2526-x.PMID:22930211

    Article  Google Scholar 

  68. Association AO (2011) Australian National Joint Replacement Registry. Hip and Knee Arthroplasty Annual Report. Adelaide: AOA. https://aoanjrr.dmac.adelaide.edu. au/. Last accessed 6 Sept 2013.

  69. NJR (2011) National Joint Registry England and Wales. In: centre N (ed). http://www.njrcentre.org.uk/njrcentre/default.aspx. Last accessed 6 Sept 2013.

  70. Hing CB, Back DL, Bailey M, Young DA, Dalziel RE, Shimmin AJ (2007) The results of primary Birmingham hip resurfacings at a mean of five years. An independent prospective review of the first 230 hips. J Bone Joint Surg Br 89(11):1431–1438

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Wynn-Jones H, Macnair R, Wimhurst J, Chirodian N, Derbyshire B, Toms A, Cahir J (2011) Silent soft tissue pathology is common with a modern metal-on-metal hip arthroplasty. Acta Orthop 82(3):301–307

    Article  Google Scholar 

  72. Canadian Hip Resurfacing Study Group (2011) A survey on the prevalence of pseudotumors with metal-on-metal hip resurfacing in Canadian academic centers. J Bone Joint Surg Am 93(Suppl 2):118–121

    Google Scholar 

  73. Treacy RB, McBryde CW, Shears E, Pynsent PB (2011) Birmingham hip resurfacing: a minimum follow-up of ten years. J Bone Joint Surg Br 93(1):27–33

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Amstutz HC, Le Duff MJ, Campbell PA, Gruen TA, Wisk LE (2010) Clinical and radiographic results of metal-on-metal hip resurfacing with a minimum ten-year follow-up. J Bone Joint Surg Am 92(16):2663–2671

    Article  Google Scholar 

  75. Coulter G, Young DA, Dalziel RE, Shimmin AJ (2012) Birmingham hip resurfacing at a mean of ten years: Results from an independent centre. J Bone Joint Surg Br 94(3):315–321

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Holland JP, Langton DJ, Hashmi M (2012) Ten-year clinical, radiological and metal ion analysis of the Birmingham Hip Resurfacing: from a single, non-designer surgeon. J Bone Joint Surg Br 94(4):471–476

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Shimmin AJ, Walter WL, Esposito C (2010) The influence of the size of the component on the outcome of resurfacing arthroplasty of the hip: a review of the literature. J Bone Joint Surg Br 92(4):469–476

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Capello WN, D’Antonio JA, Ramakrishnan R, Naughton M (2011) Continued improved wear with an annealed highly cross-linked polyethylene. Clin Orthop Relat Res 469(3):825–830

    Article  Google Scholar 

  79. Lombardi AV Jr, Berend KR, Seng BE, Clarke IC, Adams JB (2010) Delta ceramic-on-alumina ceramic articulation in primary THA: prospective, randomized FDA-IDE study and retrieval analysis. Clin Orthop Relat Res 468(2):367–374

    Article  Google Scholar 

  80. Grammatopoulos G (2012) Pseudotumours following hip resurfacing; minimising the clinical impact. Nuffield department of orthopaedics rheumatology and musculoskeletal sciences. Vol. DPhil. Oxford, University of Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  81. Smith AJ, Dieppe P, Vernon K, Porter M, Blom AW (2012) Failure rates of stemmed metal-on-metal hip replacements: analysis of data from the National Joint Registry of England and Wales. Lancet 379(9822):1199–1204

    Article  Google Scholar 

  82. Ball ST, Le Duff MJ, Amstutz HC (2007) Early results of conversion of a failed femoral component in hip resurfacing arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Am 89(4):735–741

    Article  Google Scholar 

  83. De Smet KA, Van Der Straeten C, Van Orsouw M, Doubi R, Backers K, Grammatopoulos G (2011) Revisions of metal-on-metal hip resurfacing: lessons learned and improved outcome. Orthop Clin North Am 42(2):259–269, ix

    Article  Google Scholar 

  84. Therapeutic Goods Administration of Australia: metal-on-metal hip replacement implants—information for general practitioners, orthopaedic surgeons and other health professionals. Date issued 20 Sept 2012. http://www.tga.gov.au/hp/information-devices-mom-hip-implants.htm. Acessed 25 Jan 2013

  85. U. S. Food and Drug Administration. FDA safety communication: metal-on-metal hip implants. Date issued: 17 Jan 2013. http://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/Safety/AlertsandNotices/ucm335775.htm. Accessed 25 Jan 2013

  86. Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry: annual report 2012. http://www.dmac.adelaide.edu.au/aoanjrr/. Accessed 1 Oct 2012

  87. National Joint Registry for England and Wales: 9th annual report 2012. www.njrcentre.org.uk. Accessed 1 Oct 2012

  88. European Federation of National Associations of Orthopaedics and Traumatology. Consensus statement “current evidence on the management of metal-on-metal bearings”. 2012. http://www.efort.org/communications/pdf/2012_05_10_MoM_Consensus_statement.pdf. Accessed 1 Oct 2012

  89. Medicines andHproductsRAgency. Medical device alert: all metal-on-metal (MoM) hip replacements (MDA/2012/036). 2012. http://www.mhra.gov.uk/home/groups/dts-bs/documents/medicaldevicealert/con155767.pdf. Accessed 1 Oct 2012

  90. Bergeron SG, Desy NM, Nikolaou VS, Debiparshad K, Antoniou J (2009) The early results of metal-on-metal hip resurfacing—a prospective study at a minimum two-year follow-up. Bull NYU Hosp Jt Dis 67(2):132–134

    Google Scholar 

  91. De Smet KA (2005) Belgium experience with metal-on-metal surface arthroplasty. Orthop Clin North Am 36(2):203–213, ix

    Article  Google Scholar 

  92. Ollivere B, Duckett S, August A, Porteous M (2010) The Birmingham hip resurfacing: 5-year clinical and radiographic results from a District General Hospital. Int Orthop 34(5):631–634

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Murray DW, Grammatopoulos G, Pandit H, Gundle R, Gill HS, McLardy-Smith P (2012) The ten-year survival of the Birmingham hip resurfacing: an independent series. J Bone Joint Surg Br 94(9):1180–1186

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Amstutz HC, Antoniades JT, Le Duff MJ (2007) Results of metal-on-metal hybrid hip resurfacing for Crowe type-I and II developmental dysplasia. J Bone Joint Surg Am 89(2):339–346

    Article  Google Scholar 

  95. Amstutz HC, Le Duff MJ (2008) Eleven years of experience with metal-on-metal hybrid hip resurfacing: a review of 1000 conserve plus. J Arthroplasty 23(6 Suppl1):36–43

    Article  Google Scholar 

  96. Spencer RF (2011) Evolution in hip resurfacing design and contemporary experience with an uncemented device. J Bone Joint Surg Am 93(Suppl 2):84–88

    Article  Google Scholar 

  97. Naal FD, Pilz R, Munzinger U, Hersche O, Leunig M (2011) High revision rate at 5 years after hip resurfacing with the Durom implant. Clin Orthop Relat Res 469(9):2598–2604

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, UK

    George Grammatopoulos, Hemant Pandit, Adrian Low & David Murray

Authors
  1. George Grammatopoulos
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Hemant Pandit
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Adrian Low
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. David Murray
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to David Murray .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA

    Lynne C. Jones

  2. Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, USA

    Warren O. Haggard

  3. Orthopaedic Research Laboratories Lutheran Hospital, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA

    A. Seth Greenwald

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Grammatopoulos, G., Pandit, H., Low, A., Murray, D. (2014). Metal Reactivity: Its Influence on Primary and Revision Outcomes. In: Jones, L., Haggard, W., Greenwald, A. (eds) Metal-on-Metal Bearings. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8999-3_4

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation