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Women of Color in the Workplace: Supports, Barriers, and Interventions

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Handbook of Race-Ethnicity and Gender in Psychology

Abstract

The intersectionality of race and gender permeates the employment experiences of women of color (Padavic & Reskin, Women and men at work. Pine Forge, 2002). In the workplace, women of color experience multiple sources of discrimination based on race, gender, socioeconomic status, sexual orientation, disabilities, and age (Betz, Basic issues and concepts in the career development and counseling of women. In Handbook of career counseling for women. Erlbaum, 2006; Woo, Glass ceilings and Asian Americans: The new face of workplace barriers. Altamira, 2000). They report organizational barriers, lack of support, devaluing of their work, and few mentors or role models (Pompper, Journal of Organizational Change Management, 24(4):464–486, 2011; Thomas & Hollenshead, The Journal of Negro Education, 70(3):166–175, 2001). Overt and subtle forms of discrimination persist in both individual attitudes and institutional practices (Woo, 2000). Moreover, many women of color struggle to manage responsibilities associated with work, children, partners, and extended family (Pompper, 2011).

“I am located in the margin. I make a definite distinction between that marginality which is imposed by oppressive structures and that marginality one chooses as site of resistance - as location of radical openness and possibility.”

(Hooks 1990, p. 153)

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Maryland at College Park, College Park, MD, USA

    Karen M. O’Brien & Marisa G. Franco

  2. Towson University, Towson, MD, USA

    Marianne G. Dunn

Authors
  1. Karen M. O’Brien
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  2. Marisa G. Franco
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  3. Marianne G. Dunn
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Karen M. O’Brien .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Columbia University Teachers College, New York, USA

    Marie L. Miville

  2. Department of Human Development and Psyc, Howard University, Washington, USA

    Angela D. Ferguson

Web Resources (Compiled by Ayelet Silberberg)

Web Resources (Compiled by Ayelet Silberberg)

Websites for African-American Women

  • http://www.abwhe.org/ —Association of Black Women in Higher Education. Aimed toward African-American women in academia. Provide information regarding conferences and workshops.Footnote 1

  • http://blackbiz.meetup.com/ —A Black Professionals group on meetup.com. Provides opportunities to meet local African-American professionals (sometimes women’s groups). http://www.blackwomensnetwork.net/ —Black Women’s Network. A nonprofit linking Black females with each other to share resources, network, and advance careers (see footnote 1).

  • http://www.blackenterprise.com —Black Enterprise. A business, investing, and professional development resource for African Americans.

Websites for Asian-American Women

  • http://www.awib.org/ —Asian Women in Business. A nonprofit organization aimed at assisting Asian-women entrepreneurs and corporate level employees (see footnote 1).

  • http://www.napaw.org/index.php —National Association of Professional Asian American Women. A nonprofit organization which promotes success among Asian-American women professional women.

  • http://www.aawalliance.com/ —Asian American Women’s Alliance. A nonprofit organization dedicated to building personal and professional support among Asian women. Offers career and leadership development, networking, and mentoring from other professional Asian women (see footnote 1).

Websites for Latina/Hispanic Women

  • http://www.hispanicwomen.org —Hispanic Women’s Corporation. An organization dedicated to developing Latina women and teenagers personally and professionally (see footnote 1).

  • http://nlbwa.org/ —National Latina Business Women’s Association. A nonprofit for Latina professionals, business owners, and their families. Provides advocacy, mentoring for business owners, leadership development, networking, and more (see footnote 1).

  • http://www.hwil.org/index.html —Hispanic Women in Leadership. A nonprofit providing mentorship, networking opportunities, and workshops (see footnote 1).

  • http://latinastyle.com/index2.php —Latina Style Magazine. A magazine dedicated to contemporary Latina lifestyle, including career and professional issues. Conducts an annual study of the 50 best companies for Latinas to work for (http://latina50.latinastyle.com/about-ls50.php) and sponsors the Latina Style Business Series for professional development of Latina business owners (http://bs.latinastyle.com/index.php).

Websites for Native American Women

Websites for Women of Color

  • http://intouch.ccgmag.com/page/woc_conference—Women of Color STEM Conference. An annual event aimed toward minority women including networking opportunities and workshops (see footnote 1).

  • http://www.napw.com/index.cfm —National Association of Professional Women. Resources, programs, and events for business women (not targeted to minority women although they seek to increase diversity).

  • http://www.now.org —The National Organization for Women. Promotes women’s equality and provides extensive information on economic justice for women, increasing diversity, and ending racism (see footnote 1).

  • http://www.catalyst.org/ —Catalyst. A nonprofit focused on advancing women in business. Disseminate information on women and work, including diversity and inclusion models.

  • http://diversityinc.com —Diversity Inc. Provide information on diversity in the workplace, publish magazines, and host events.

  • http://www.workingmother.com/—Website includes information for working mothers in general, including articles and blogs. Host annual national multicultural women’s conference.

  • http://www.pwocn.org/ —Professional Women of Color Network. A multicultural organization that promotes networking for women of color (see footnote 1).

Books

  • Brown, E. M., Haygood, M., McClean, R. J., & Burt-Murray, A. (2010). The little black book of success: Laws of leadership for Black women. New York, NY: One World.

  • Campbell, V. (2009). Advice from the top: What minority women say about their career success. Santa Barbara, CA: Greenwood Publishing Group.

  • Carter, J. F. (2007). Double outsiders: How women of color can succeed in corporate America. Indianapolis, IN: JIST Works.

  • Cole, L. M., & McBride, P. M. (2007). Work it girl: Black woman’s guide to professional success. Mira Loma, CA: Parker Publishing LLC.

  • Walsh, W. B., & Heppner, M. J. (2006). Handbook of career counseling f or women. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

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O’Brien, K.M., Franco, M.G., Dunn, M.G. (2014). Women of Color in the Workplace: Supports, Barriers, and Interventions. In: Miville, M., Ferguson, A. (eds) Handbook of Race-Ethnicity and Gender in Psychology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8860-6_11

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