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Biomedical Advances in HIV Prevention pp 69–108Cite as

Adherence to HIV Treatment as Prevention and Preexposure Prophylaxis

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Abstract

Presently, among the estimated near 15 million people living with HIV (PLWH) worldwide in need of antiretroviral therapy (ART), only 54 % have access to ART and, among those with access, some 40 % are unable to achieve high levels of adherence. For over a decade, reasons for ART nonadherence and strategies to promote adequate adherence have been under evaluation, generating numerous models of ART adherence and a host of intervention approaches evaluated in diverse populations. This chapter reviews this literature as well as recent guidelines for the promotion of engagement in HIV care and ART adherence, with special emphasis on application to treatment as prevention (TasP), which relies on high enough rates of ART access and adherence to prevent onward HIV transmission through durably suppressed viral load. Similarly, this chapter also draws out the behavioral pathways underlying the use of preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) – ARV (antiretroviral) medications for use among HIV-negative persons. Potential strategies for support extrapolated from available evidence gathered to date are identified, and notes of caution provided.

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  1. Center for Health, Intervention and Prevention, University of Connecticut, 2006 Hillside Road Unit 1248, Storrs, Connecticut, 06269, USA

    K. Rivet Amico PhD

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Correspondence to K. Rivet Amico PhD .

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  1. Dept. of Human Develop. & Family Studies, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA

    Lisa A. Eaton

  2. Ctr for Health Intervention & Prevention, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA

    Seth C. Kalichman

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Amico, K. (2014). Adherence to HIV Treatment as Prevention and Preexposure Prophylaxis. In: Eaton, L., Kalichman, S. (eds) Biomedical Advances in HIV Prevention. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8845-3_5

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