Skip to main content

Human Computation in Citizen Science

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Handbook of Human Computation

Abstract

The increasing volume and variety of scientific data sets has produced a need for serious engagement with human computation. These citizen science efforts, which include disciplines as diverse as astronomy and zoology, are reviewed with a particular focus on Galaxy Zoo and the Zooniverse platform that grew from it. The key advantages of this approach—scalability, serendipity and the ability to inform machine learning—are demonstrated and the likely motivations of citizen scientists discussed. As datasets continue to grow in size, we argue that an increased focus on efficiency will be needed, but such an approach needs to carefully account for the likely effect on both motivation and on opportunities for learning.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Anderson DP (2004) BOINC: a system for public-resource computing and storage. In: 5th IEEE/ACM international workshop on Grid computing, Pittsburgh, 8 Nov 2004, pp 1–7

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson D, Cobb J, Korpela E, Lebofsky M, Werthimer D (2002) SETI@home: an experiment in public-resource computing. Commun ACM 45(11):56

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bamford S et al (2009) Galaxy Zoo: the dependence of morphology and colour on environment. MNRAS 393:1324

    Google Scholar 

  • Banerji M et al (2010) Galaxy Zoo: reproducing galaxy morphologies via machine learning. Mon Not R Astron Soc 406:342

    Google Scholar 

  • Barlow NG et al (2000) LPSC XXXI, Abstract #1475

    Google Scholar 

  • Bloom J et al (2012) Automating discovery and classification of transients and variable stars in the synoptic survey era. Publ Astron Soc Pac124:1175

    Google Scholar 

  • Cardamone C et al (2009) Galaxy Zoo Green Peas: discovery of a class of compact extremely star-forming galaxies, Mon Not R Astron Soc 399:1191

    Google Scholar 

  • Fischer D et al (2012) Planet Hunters: the first two planet candidates identified by the public using the Kepler public archive data. Mon Not R Astron Soc 419:2900

    Google Scholar 

  • Fortson L et al (2012) Galaxy Zoo: morphological classification and citizen science. In: Way MJ, Scargle JD, Ali K, Srivastava AN (eds) Advances in machine learning and data mining for astronomy. Chapman & Hall, Boca Raton, FL

    Google Scholar 

  • Ji W et al (2013) Planet Hunters. V. A confirmed Jupiter-size planet in the habitable zone and 42 planet candidates from the Kepler archive data. Submitt Astrophys J. Accessible at arXiv/1301.1644

    Google Scholar 

  • Kamar E, Hacker S, Horvitz E Combining human and machine intelligence in large-scale crowdsourcing. In: Proceedings of the 11th international conference on autonomous agents and multiagent systems, vol 1. p 467

    Google Scholar 

  • Kanefsky B, Barlow NG, Gulick VC (2001) Can distributed volunteers accomplish massive data analysis tasks? Presented at 32nd annual Lunar & planetary science conference, Abstract #1272

    Google Scholar 

  • Keel W et al (2012) The Galaxy Zoo survey for giant AGN-ionized clouds: past and present black hole accretion events. Mon Not R Astron Soc 420:878

    Google Scholar 

  • Keel W et al (2013) Galaxy Zoo: a catalog of overlapping Galaxy Pairs for dust studies. Publ Astron Soc Pac 125:2

    Google Scholar 

  • Khatib F et al (2011a) Algorithm discovery by protein folding game players. PNAS. doi 10.1073/pnas.1115898108

  • Khatib F et al (2011b) Crystal structure of a monomeric retroviral protease solved by protein folding game players. Nat Struct Mol Biol 18:1175

    Google Scholar 

  • Knipsel B et al (2010) Pulsar discovery by global volunteer computing. Science 329:1305

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Land K et al (2008) Galaxy Zoo: the large-scale spin statistics of spiral galaxies in the Sloan digital sky survey. MNRAS 388:1686

    Google Scholar 

  • Lintott C et al (2008) Mon Not R Astron Soc 389:1179

    Google Scholar 

  • Lintott C et al (2009) Mon Not R Astron Soc 339:129

    Google Scholar 

  • Massey N, Aina T, Allen M, Christensen C, Frame D, Goodman D, Kettleborough J, Martin A, Pascoe S, Stainforth D (2006) Data access and analysis with distributed federated data servers in climateprediction.net. Adv Geosci 8:49–56

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mendez BJH (2008) In: Garmany C, Gibbs MG, Moody JW, (eds) ASP conference series, vol 389. EPO and a changing world: creating linkages and expanding partnerships. Astron Soc Pac, San Francisco, p 219

    Google Scholar 

  • Popovic Z (2008) CASP8 results, Foldit Blog, http://fold.it/portal/node/729520. 17 Dec 2008

  • Raddick J et al (2013) Galaxy Zoo: motivations of citizen science volunteers. Astron Educ Rev (in press) http://arxiv.org/abs/1303.6886

  • Raman S, Baker D, Qian B, Walker RC (2008) Advances in Rosetta protein structure prediction on massively parallel systems. J Res Dev 52(1–2):7

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwamb et al (2012) Planet Hunters: assessing the Kepler inventory of short-period planets. Astrophys J 754:129

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwamb et al (2013) Planet Hunters: a transiting circumbinary planet in a quadruple star system. Astrophys J 768:127

    Google Scholar 

  • See http://crowdcrafting.org

  • Simpson R et al (2012) The milky way project first data release: a bubblier galactic disc. Mon Not R Astron Soc 424:2442

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Simpson E, Roberts S, Psorakis I, Smith A (2013) Dynamic Bayesian combination of multiple imperfect classifiers. Stud Comput Intell 474:1–35

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith A et al (2010) Galaxy Zoo supernovae. Mon Not R Astron Soc 412:1309

    Google Scholar 

  • von Ahn L, Maurer B, McMillen C, Abraham D, Blum M (2008) reCAPTCHA: human-based character recognition via web security measures. Science 321(5895):1465

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Waterhouse T (2013) Pay by the bit: an information-theoretic metric for collective human judgment. In: Proceeding CSCW, ACM, New York, pp 623–638

    Google Scholar 

  • Willett et al (2013) MNRAS, 435, 2835

    Google Scholar 

  • York, D et al (2000) Astron J 120:1579

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Chris Lintott .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Lintott, C., Reed, J. (2013). Human Computation in Citizen Science. In: Michelucci, P. (eds) Handbook of Human Computation. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8806-4_14

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8806-4_14

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-8805-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-8806-4

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics