Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Preoperative Evaluation of a Patient for Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Interventional Nephrology

Abstract

Preoperative evaluation for placement of a peritoneal dialysis catheter by fluoroscopically or peritoneoscopically guided method entails a detailed history and physical examination to determine anatomic barriers to placement of the catheter and risk factors that could indicate a likelihood of perioperative complications. Recommended pre-procedure tasks are discussed. Complications common to patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing this procedure are addressed. This chapter reviews recommendations of pre-procedure testing.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Fleisher LA, et al. ACC/AHA 2007 guidelines on perioperative cardiovascular evaluation and care for noncardiac surgery: executive summary: a report of the American college of Cardiology/American Heart association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2002 Guidelines on Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation for Noncardiac Surgery) Developed in Collaboration with the American Society of Echocardiography, American Society of Nuclear Cardiology, Heart Rhythm Society, Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society for Vascular Medicine and Biology, and Society for Vascular Surgery. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007;50(17):1707–32.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice, G, et al. ACCF/AHA focused update on perioperative beta blockade incorporated into the ACC/AHA 2007 guidelines on perioperative cardiovascular evaluation and care for noncardiac surgery. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;54(22):e13–118.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Figueiredo A, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for peritoneal access. Perit Dial Int. 2010;30(4):424–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Dombros N, et al. European best practice guidelines for peritoneal dialysis. 3 Peritoneal access. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2005;20 Suppl 9:ix8–12.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Moon JY, et al. Fluoroscopically guided peritoneal dialysis catheter placement: long-term results from a single center. Perit Dial Int. 2008;28(2):163–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Zaman F, et al. Fluoroscopy-assisted placement of peritoneal dialysis catheters by nephrologists. Semin Dial. 2005;18(3):247–51.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Vaux EC, et al. Percutaneous fluoroscopically guided placement of peritoneal dialysis catheters–a 10-year experience. Semin Dial. 2008;21(5):459–65.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Maya ID. Ultrasound/fluoroscopy-assisted placement of peritoneal dialysis catheters. Semin Dial. 2007;20(6):611–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Jacobs IG, et al. Radiologic placement of peritoneal dialysis catheters: preliminary experience. Radiology. 1992;182(1):251–5.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Reddy C, Dybbro PE, Guest S. Fluoroscopically guided percutaneous peritoneal dialysis catheter placement: single center experience and review of the literature. Ren Fail. 2010;32(3):294–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Henderson S, Brown E, Levy J. Safety and efficacy of percutaneous insertion of peritoneal dialysis catheters under sedation and local anaesthetic. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2009;24(11):3499–504.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Perakis KE, et al. Long-term complication rates and survival of peritoneal dialysis catheters: the role of percutaneous versus surgical placement. Semin Dial. 2009;22(5):569–75.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Ozener C, Bihorac A, Akoglu E. Technical survival of CAPD catheters: comparison between percutaneous and conventional surgical placement techniques. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2001;16(9):1893–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Goh BL, et al. Does peritoneal dialysis catheter insertion by interventional nephrologists enhance peritoneal dialysis penetration? Semin Dial. 2008;21(6):561–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Gadallah MF, et al. Peritoneoscopic versus surgical placement of peritoneal dialysis catheters: a prospective randomized study on outcome. Am J Kidney Dis. 1999;33(1):118–22.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Asif A, et al. Modification of the peritoneoscopic technique of peritoneal dialysis catheter insertion: experience of an interventional nephrology program. Semin Dial. 2004;17(2):171–3.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on, S. and N.-A. Analgesia by, practice guidelines for sedation and analgesia by non-anesthesiologists. Anesthesiology. 2002;96(4):1004–17.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Maya ID. Ambulatory setting for peritoneal dialysis catheter placement. Semin Dial. 2008;21(5):457–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Patatas K, Koukkoulli A. The use of sedation in the radiology department. Clin Radiol. 2009;64(7):655–63.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Arepally A, et al. Safety of conscious sedation in interventional radiology. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2001;24(3):185–90.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Kim TH. Safety and effectiveness of moderate sedation for radiologic non-vascular intervention. Korean J Radiol. 2006;7(2):125–30.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Wolters U, et al. ASA classification and perioperative variables as predictors of postoperative outcome. Br J Anaesth. 1996;77(2):217–22.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Cuvillon P, et al. American Society of Anesthesiologists’ physical status system: a multicentre francophone study to analyse reasons for classification disagreement. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2011;28(10):742–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Freeman WK, Gibbons RJ. Perioperative cardiovascular assessment of patients undergoing noncardiac surgery. Mayo Clin Proc. 2009;84(1):79–90.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Fleisher LA, et al. ACC/AHA 2007 guidelines on perioperative cardiovascular evaluation and care for noncardiac surgery: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2002 Guidelines on Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation for Noncardiac Surgery) developed in collaboration with the American Society of Echocardiography, American Society of Nuclear Cardiology, Heart Rhythm Society, Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society for Vascular Medicine and Biology, and Society for Vascular Surgery. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007;50(17):e159–241.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Bapoje SR, et al. Preoperative evaluation of the patient with pulmonary disease. Chest. 2007;132(5):1637–45.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Qaseem A, et al. Risk assessment for and strategies to reduce perioperative pulmonary complications for patients undergoing noncardiothoracic surgery: a guideline from the American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med. 2006;144(8):575–80.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Gross JB, et al. Practice guidelines for the perioperative management of patients with obstructive sleep apnea: a report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Perioperative Management of patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Anesthesiology. 2006;104(5):1081–93; quiz 1117–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Lasser EC, et al. Pretreatment with corticosteroids to alleviate reactions to intravenous contrast material. N Engl J Med. 1987;317(14):845–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Greenberger PA, Patterson R. The prevention of immediate generalized reactions to radiocontrast media in high-risk patients. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1991;87(4):867–72.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Bettmann MA, et al. Adverse events with radiographic contrast agents: results of the SCVIR Contrast Agent Registry. Radiology. 1997;203(3):611–20.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Liakakos T, et al. Peritoneal adhesions: etiology, pathophysiology, and clinical significance. Recent advances in prevention and management. Dig Surg. 2001;18(4):260–73.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Keshvari A, et al. The effects of previous abdominal operations and intraperitoneal adhesions on the outcome of peritoneal dialysis catheters. Perit Dial Int. 2010;30(1):41–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Remuzzi G. Bleeding in renal failure. Lancet. 1988;1(8596):1205–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. The sixth report of the Joint National Committee on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure. Arch Intern Med. 1997;157(21):2413–46.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Howell SJ, Sear JW, Foex P. Hypertension, hypertensive heart disease and perioperative cardiac risk. Br J Anaesth. 2004;92(4):570–83.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Weksler N, et al. The dilemma of immediate preoperative hypertension: to treat and operate, or to postpone surgery? J Clin Anesth. 2003;15(3):179–83.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Reich DL, et al. Intraoperative tachycardia and hypertension are independently associated with adverse outcome in noncardiac surgery of long duration. Anesth Analg. 2002;95(2):273–7, table of contents.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Flanigan M, Gokal R. Peritoneal catheters and exit-site practices toward optimum peritoneal access: a review of current developments. Perit Dial Int. 2005;25(2):132–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Nicholson ML, et al. Combined abdominal hernia repair and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) catheter insertion. Perit Dial Int. 1989;9(4):307–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Crabtree JH. Hernia repair without delay in initiating or continuing peritoneal dialysis. Perit Dial Int. 2006;26(2):178–82.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Garcia-Urena MA, et al. Prevalence and management of hernias in peritoneal dialysis patients. Perit Dial Int. 2006;26(2):198–202.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Juhari Y, Nicholson ML. Combined laparoscopic peritoneal dialysis catheter insertion and epigastric hernia repair to avoid delaying dialysis. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 2010;92(8):715.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Laine C, Williams SV, Wilson JF. In the clinic. Preoperative evaluation. Ann Intern Med. 2009;151(1):ITC1–15, quiz ITC16.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Crabtree JH. Selected best demonstrated practices in peritoneal dialysis access. Kidney Int Suppl. 2006;103:S27–37.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Crabtree JH, Burchette RJ, Siddiqi NA. Optimal peritoneal dialysis catheter type and exit site location: an anthropometric analysis. ASAIO J. 2005;51(6):743–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Sreenarasimhaiah VP, et al. Percutaneous technique of presternal peritoneal dialysis catheter placement. Semin Dial. 2004;17(5):407–10.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Crabtree JH, Burchette RJ. Comparative analysis of two-piece extended peritoneal dialysis catheters with remote exit-site locations and conventional abdominal catheters. Perit Dial Int. 2010;30(1):46–55.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Pinson CW, et al. Surgery in long-term dialysis patients. Experience with more than 300 cases. Am J Surg. 1986;151(5):567–71.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Ahmed J, Weisberg LS. Hyperkalemia in dialysis patients. Semin Dial. 2001;14(5):348–56.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Steiner RW, Coggins C, Carvalho AC. Bleeding time in uremia: a useful test to assess clinical bleeding. Am J Hematol. 1979;7(2):107–17.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Liu YK, et al. Thigh bleeding time as a valid indicator of hemostatic competency during surgical treatment of patients with advanced renal disease. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1991;172(4):269–74.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Gewirtz AS, Miller ML, Keys TF. The clinical usefulness of the preoperative bleeding time. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1996;120(4):353–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Lind SE. The bleeding time does not predict surgical bleeding. Blood. 1991;77(12):2547–52.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Strauss RG. Pretransfusion trigger platelet counts and dose for prophylactic platelet transfusions. Curr Opin Hematol. 2005;12(6):499–502.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. O’Connor SD, et al. Coagulation concepts update. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2009;193(6):1656–64.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Douketis JD, et al. The perioperative management of antithrombotic therapy: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (8th edition). Chest. 2008;133(6 Suppl):299S–339S.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Douketis JD, et al. Perioperative management of antithrombotic therapy: antithrombotic therapy and prevention of thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. Chest. 2012;141(2 Suppl):e326S–50S.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Douketis JD. Perioperative management of patients who are receiving warfarin therapy: an evidence-based and practical approach. Blood. 2011;117(19):5044–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Lewis KG, Dufresne Jr RG. A meta-analysis of complications attributed to anticoagulation among patients following cutaneous surgery. Dermatol Surg. 2008;34(2):160–4; discussion 164–5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Syed S, et al. A prospective assessment of bleeding and international normalized ratio in warfarin-anticoagulated patients having cutaneous surgery. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2004;51(6):955–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Mital S, Fried LF, Piraino B. Bleeding complications associated with peritoneal dialysis catheter insertion. Perit Dial Int. 2004;24(5):478–80.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Lip GY, et al. Refining clinical risk stratification for predicting stroke and thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation using a novel risk factor-based approach: the euro heart survey on atrial fibrillation. Chest. 2010;137(2):263–72.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Olesen JB, et al. Validation of risk stratification schemes for predicting stroke and thromboembolism in patients with atrial fibrillation: nationwide cohort study. BMJ. 2011;342:d124.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. United States Food and Drug Administration. Prescribing Information for Pradaxa (dabigatran etexilate mesylate) capsules for oral use. Physicians Desk Reference, 2013. www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2013/022512s011lbl.pdf.

  66. Connolly SJ, et al. Dabigatran versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2009;361(12):1139–51.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Shpitz B, et al. Should aspirin therapy be withheld before insertion and/or removal of a permanent peritoneal dialysis catheter? Am Surg. 2002;68(9):762–4.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Wikdahl AM, et al. One-dose cefuroxime i.v. and i.p. reduces microbial growth in PD patients after catheter insertion. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1997;12(1):157–60.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Strippoli GF, et al. Antimicrobial agents to prevent peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Am J Kidney Dis. 2004;44(4):591–603.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Piraino B, et al. Peritoneal dialysis-related infections recommendations: 2005 update. Perit Dial Int. 2005;25(2):107–31.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Bennett-Jones DN, et al. Prophylactic gentamicin in the prevention of early exit-site infections and peritonitis in CAPD. In: Khanna R et al., editors. Advances in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. 8th annual CAPD conference. Toronto: Peritoneal Dialysis Bulletin, Inc; 1988. p. 147–50.

    Google Scholar 

  72. Lye WC, Lee EJ, Tan CC. Prophylactic antibiotics in the insertion of Tenckhoff catheters. Scand J Urol Nephrol. 1992;26(2):177–80.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Golper TA, et al. Risk factors for peritonitis in long-term peritoneal dialysis: the network 9 peritonitis and catheter survival studies. Academic Subcommittee of the Steering Committee of the Network 9 Peritonitis and Catheter Survival Studies. Am J Kidney Dis. 1996;28(3):428–36.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Gadallah MF, et al. Role of preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis in preventing postoperative peritonitis in newly placed peritoneal dialysis catheters. Am J Kidney Dis. 2000;36(5):1014–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Gokal R, et al. Peritoneal catheters and exit-site practices: toward optimum peritoneal access. Perit Dial Int. 1993;13(1):29–39.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Bonifati C, et al. Antimicrobial agents and catheter-related interventions to prevent peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis: using evidence in the context of clinical practice. Int J Artif Organs. 2006;29(1):41–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Nasal mupirocin prevents Staphylococcus aureus exit-site infection during peritoneal dialysis. Mupirocin Study Group. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1996;7(11):2403–8.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Conflict of Interest

The authors have no conflicts of interest.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Nephrology Section, Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA, 71130, USA

    Mary Buffington MD, JD & Kenneth Abreo MD

Authors
  1. Mary Buffington MD, JD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Kenneth Abreo MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kenneth Abreo MD .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine (CHS), Division of Nephrology, Madison, Wisconsin, USA

    Alexander S. Yevzlin

  2. Medicine, Nephrology and Hypertension, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA

    Arif Asif

  3. Interventional Nephrology Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Miami Miller School of Med, Miami, Florida, USA

    Loay Salman

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Buffington, M., Abreo, K. (2014). Preoperative Evaluation of a Patient for Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter. In: Yevzlin, A., Asif, A., Salman, L. (eds) Interventional Nephrology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8803-3_31

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8803-3_31

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-8802-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-8803-3

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation