Abstract
Masses of the kidney present clinically in various ways including as an incidental finding. In some cases, the diagnosis is made based on imaging (ultrasound, CT, or MR); in other cases, a presumptive diagnosis can be made, and in many, pathologic diagnosis must be made. In addition, in cases of malignancy, staging is often predicated on imaging. In this chapter we review the clinical and radiographic findings associated with solid and cystic lesions of the pediatric kidney.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Davidoff AM. Wilms’ tumor. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2009;21:357–64.
Breslow N, Olshan A, Beckwith JB, Green DM. Epidemiology of Wilms tumor. Med Pediatr Oncol. 1993;21:172–81.
Nakamura L, Ritchey M. Current management of Wilms’ tumor. Curr Urol Rep. 2010;11:58–65.
Geller E, Kochan PS. Renal neoplasms of childhood. Radiol Clin North Am. 2011;49:689–709, vi.
Fishman EK, Hartman DS, Goldman SM, Siegelman SS. The CT appearance of Wilms tumor. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 1983;7:659–65.
Beckwith JB, Palmer NF. Histopathology and prognosis of Wilms tumors: results from the First National Wilms’ Tumor Study. Cancer. 1978;41:1937–48.
Gow KW, Roberts IF, Jamieson DH, Bray H, Magee JF, Murphy JJ. Local staging of Wilms’ tumor–computerized tomography correlation with histological findings. J Pediatr Surg. 2000;35:677–9.
Reiman TA, Siegel MJ, Shackelford GD. Wilms tumor in children: abdominal CT and US evaluation. Radiology. 1986;160:501–5.
Schenk JP, Graf N, Gunther P, et al. Role of MRI in the management of patients with nephroblastoma. Eur Radiol. 2008;18:683–91.
Lonergan GJ, Martinez-Leon MI, Agrons GA, Montemarano H, Suarez ES. Nephrogenic rests, nephroblastomatosis, and associated lesions of the kidney. Radiographics. 1998;18:947–68.
Rohrschneider WK, Weirich A, Rieden K, Darge K, Troger J, Graf N. US, CT and MR imaging characteristics of nephroblastomatosis. Pediatr Radiol. 1998;28:435–43.
Gylys-Morin V, Hoffer FA, Kozakewich H, Shamberger RC. Wilms tumor and nephroblastomatosis: imaging characteristics at gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging. Radiology. 1993;188:517–21.
Blitman NM, Berkenblit RG, Rozenblit AM, Levin TL. Renal medullary carcinoma: CT and MRI features. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2005;185:268–72.
Lowe LH, Isuani BH, Heller RM, et al. Pediatric renal masses: Wilms tumor and beyond. Radiographics. 2000;20:1585–603.
Davis Jr CJ, Mostofi FK, Sesterhenn IA. Renal medullary carcinoma. The seventh sickle cell nephropathy. Am J Surg Pathol. 1995;19:1–11.
Khan A, Thomas N, Costello B, et al. Renal medullary carcinoma: sonographic, computed tomography, magnetic resonance and angiographic findings. Eur J Radiol. 2000;35:1–7.
Pickhardt PJ. Renal medullary carcinoma: an aggressive neoplasm in patients with sickle cell trait. Abdom Imaging. 1998;23:531–2.
Argani P, Perlman EJ, Breslow NE, et al. Clear cell sarcoma of the kidney: a review of 351 cases from the National Wilms Tumor Study Group Pathology Center. Am J Surg Pathol. 2000;24:4–18.
Glass RB, Davidson AJ, Fernbach SK. Clear cell sarcoma of the kidney: CT, sonographic, and pathologic correlation. Radiology. 1991;180:715–17.
Weeks DA, Beckwith JB, Mierau GW, Luckey DW. Rhabdoid tumor of kidney. A report of 111 cases from the National Wilms’ Tumor Study Pathology Center. Am J Surg Pathol. 1989;13:439–58.
Agrons GA, Kingsman KD, Wagner BJ, Sotelo-Avila C. Rhabdoid tumor of the kidney in children: a comparative study of 21 cases. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1997;168:447–51.
Chung CJ, Lorenzo R, Rayder S, et al. Rhabdoid tumors of the kidney in children: CT findings. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1995;164:697–700.
Panuel M, Bourliere-Najean B, Scheiner C, et al. Radiologic features of rhabdoid tumor of the kidney. Eur J Radiol. 1992;14:204–6.
Bruder E, Passera O, Harms D, et al. Morphologic and molecular characterization of renal cell carcinoma in children and young adults. Am J Surg Pathol. 2004;28:1117–32.
Spreafico F, Collini P, Terenziani M, Marchiano A, Piva L. Renal cell carcinoma in children and adolescents. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 2010;10:1967–78.
Ahmed HU, Arya M, Levitt G, Duffy PG, Mushtaq I, Sebire NJ. Part I: primary malignant non-Wilms’ renal tumours in children. Lancet Oncol. 2007;8:730–7.
Chaudry G, Perez-Atayde AR, Ngan BY, Gundogan M, Daneman A. Imaging of congenital mesoblastic nephroma with pathological correlation. Pediatr Radiol. 2009;39:1080–6.
Chan HS, Cheng MY, Mancer K, et al. Congenital mesoblastic nephroma: a clinicoradiologic study of 17 cases representing the pathologic spectrum of the disease. J Pediatr. 1987;111:64–70.
Irsutti M, Puget C, Baunin C, Duga I, Sarramon MF, Guitard J. Mesoblastic nephroma: prenatal ultrasonographic and MRI features. Pediatr Radiol. 2000;30:147–50.
Chen YF, Li YW, Sheih CP, Hsu CY. Renal cell carcinoma: unusual pediatric renal tumors. J Formos Med Assoc. 1999;98:118–21.
Madewell JE, Goldman SM, Davis Jr CJ, Hartman DS, Feigin DS, Lichtenstein JE. Multilocular cystic nephroma: a radiographic-pathologic correlation of 58 patients. Radiology. 1983;146:309–21.
Davis Jr CJ, Barton JH, Sesterhenn IA, Mostofi FK. Metanephric adenoma. Clinicopathological study of fifty patients. Am J Surg Pathol. 1995;19:1101–14.
Bastide C, Rambeaud JJ, Bach AM, Russo P. Metanephric adenoma of the kidney: clinical and radiological study of nine cases. BJU Int. 2009;103:1544–8.
Hartman DJ, Maclennan GT. Renal metanephric adenoma. J Urol. 2007;178:1058.
Halpenny D, Snow A, McNeill G, Torreggiani WC. The radiological diagnosis and treatment of renal angiomyolipoma-current status. Clin Radiol. 2010;65:99–108.
Ewalt DH, Sheffield E, Sparagana SP, Delgado MR, Roach ES. Renal lesion growth in children with tuberous sclerosis complex. J Urol. 1998;160:141–5.
Casper KA, Donnelly LF, Chen B, Bissler JJ. Tuberous sclerosis complex: renal imaging findings. Radiology. 2002;225:451–6.
Bissler JJ, Kingswood JC. Renal angiomyolipomata. Kidney Int. 2004;66:924–34.
Oesterling JE, Fishman EK, Goldman SM, Marshall FF. The management of renal angiomyolipoma. J Urol. 1986;135:1121–4.
Lienert AR, Nicol D. Renal angiomyolipoma. BJU Int. 2012;110 Suppl 4:25–7.
Arranz Arija JA, Carrion JR, Garcia FR, et al. Primary renal lymphoma: report of 3 cases and review of the literature. Am J Nephrol. 1994;14:148–53.
Pradeep R, Madhumathi DS, Lakshmidevi V, et al. Bilateral nephromegaly simulating Wilms tumor: a rare initial manifestation of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2008;30:471–3.
Erdem E, Kayiran P, Ozcelik G, Ozel A, Yildiz YZ. Rare presentation of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia: nephromegaly at time of diagnosis. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus. 2011;27:43–5.
Rajantie J, Jaaskelainen J, Perkkio M, Siimes MA. Kidneys very large at diagnosis are associated with poor prognosis in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Am J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 1986;8:87–90.
Richmond J, Sherman RS, Diamond HD, Craver LF. Renal lesions associated with malignant lymphomas. Am J Med. 1962;32:184–207.
Campbell MF, Wein AJ, Kavoussi LR. Campbell-Walsh urology, editor-in-chief, Alan J. Wein; editors, Louis R. Kavoussi … [et al.]. 9th ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders; 2007.
Dugougeat F, Navarro O, Soares Souza AS, Geary D, Daneman A. Multiple unilateral renal cysts in two children. Pediatr Radiol. 2000;30:346–8.
McHugh K, Stringer DA, Hebert D, Babiak CA. Simple renal cysts in children: diagnosis and follow-up with US. Radiology. 1991;178:383–5.
Terada N, Ichioka K, Matsuta Y, Okubo K, Yoshimura K, Arai Y. The natural history of simple renal cysts. J Urol. 2002;167:21–3.
Blazer S, Zimmer EZ, Blumenfeld Z, Zelikovic I, Bronshtein M. Natural history of fetal simple renal cysts detected in early pregnancy. J Urol. 1999;162:812–14.
Bisceglia M, Galliani CA, Senger C, Stallone C, Sessa A. Renal cystic diseases: a review. Adv Anatomic Pathol. 2006;13:26–56.
Eknoyan G. A clinical view of simple and complex renal cysts. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2009;20:1874–6.
Gascue C, Katsanis N, Badano JL. Cystic diseases of the kidney: ciliary dysfunction and cystogenic mechanisms. Pediatr Nephrol. 2011;26:1181–95.
Witzleben CL, Sharp AR. “Nephronophthisis-congenital hepatic fibrosis”: an additional hepatorenal disorder. Human Pathol. 1982;13:728–33.
Scolari F, Puzzer D, Amoroso A, et al. Identification of a new locus for medullary cystic disease, on chromosome 16p12. Am J Hum Genet. 1999;64:1655–60.
Harris PC, Rossetti S. Molecular genetics of autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease. Mol Genet Metabol. 2004;81:75–85.
Zerres K, Mucher G, Bachner L, et al. Mapping of the gene for autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) to chromosome 6p21-cen. Nat Genet. 1994;7:429–32.
Gabow PA. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. N Engl J Med. 1993;329:332–42.
Torres VE, Erickson SB, Smith LH, Wilson DM, Hattery RR, Segura JW. The association of nephrolithiasis and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Am J Kidney Dis. 1988;11:318–25.
Brown JA, Torres VE, King BF, Segura JW. Laparoscopic marsupialization of symptomatic polycystic kidney disease. J Urol. 1996;156:22–7.
Gordon AC, Thomas DF, Arthur RJ, Irving HC. Multicystic dysplastic kidney: is nephrectomy still appropriate? J Urol. 1988;140:1231–4.
Pollack HM. Clinical urography: an atlas and textbook of urological imaging. Philadelphia: Saunders; 1990.
Hartman GE, Shochat SJ. Abdominal mass lesions in the newborn: diagnosis and treatment. Clin Perinatol. 1989;16:123–35.
Merrot T, Lumenta DB, Tercier S, Morisson-Lacombes G, Guys JM, Alessandrini P. Multicystic dysplastic kidney with ipsilateral abnormalities of genitourinary tract: experience in children. Urology. 2006;67:603–7.
Onal B, Kogan BA. Natural history of patients with multicystic dysplastic kidney-what follow up is needed? J Urol. 2006;176:1607–11.
Osathanondh V, Potter EL. Pathogenesis of polycystic kidneys. Type 2 Due to inhibition of ampullary activity. Arch Pathol. 1964;77:474–84.
Kessler OJ, Ziv N, Livne PM, Merlob P. Involution rate of multicystic renal dysplasia. Pediatrics. 1998;102:E73.
Snodgrass WT. Hypertension associated with multicystic dysplastic kidney in children. J Urol. 2000;164:472–3;discussion 3–4.
Goldfarb DA. The renin-angiotensin system. New concepts in regulation of blood pressure and renal function. Urol Clin North Am. 1994;21:187–94.
Narchi H. Risk of Wilms’ tumour with multicystic kidney disease: a systematic review. Arch Dis Child. 2005;90:147–9.
Riccabona M, Ring E, Fueger G, Petritsch P, Villits P. Doppler sonography in congenital ureteropelvic junction obstruction and multicystic dysplastic kidneys. Pediatr Radiol. 1993;23:502–5.
Walker D, Fennell R, Garin E, Richard G. Spectrum of multicystic renal dysplasia: diagnosis and management. Urology. 1978;11:433–6.
Ismaili K, Avni FE, Alexander M, Schulman C, Collier F, Hall M. Routine voiding cystourethrography is of no value in neonates with unilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney. J Pediatr. 2005;146:759–63.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Prabharasuth, D., LeCompte, L.M., Dyer, L.L. (2014). Renal Imaging: Cystic and Solid Lesions. In: Palmer, L., Palmer, J. (eds) Pediatric and Adolescent Urologic Imaging. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8654-1_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8654-1_11
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-8653-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-8654-1
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)