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Roles of Long Non-coding RNAs in X-Chromosome Inactivation

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Molecular Biology of Long Non-coding RNAs

Abstract

Organisms in which gender is genetically encoded require a dosage compensation process to equalize sex-linked gene expression between the hetero- and homogametic sexes. In mammals, this dosage compensation process is termed X-chromosome inactivation (XCI). XCI results in the near-complete transcriptional silencing of a single X in XX females, ensuring that only one X per diploid genome remains active. Once stably inactivated, the silent state of the chosen X can be propagated in each cell for the life of the organism, making XCI a paradigm of large-scale epigenetic regulation. Since its discovery more than 50 years ago (Lyon 1961), significant progress has been made toward understanding XCI. In this chapter, we discuss recent advances in the field, with a focus on murine XCI and the essential roles that long, nonprotein coding RNAs play in regulating the process.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Genetics, Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA

    J. Mauro Calabrese & Terry Magnuson

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  1. J. Mauro Calabrese
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  2. Terry Magnuson
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Correspondence to J. Mauro Calabrese .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA

    Ahmad M. Khalil

  2. Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA

    Jeff Coller

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Calabrese, J.M., Magnuson, T. (2013). Roles of Long Non-coding RNAs in X-Chromosome Inactivation. In: Khalil, A., Coller, J. (eds) Molecular Biology of Long Non-coding RNAs. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8621-3_3

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