Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an important signalling molecule that mediates many developmental and physiological processes in plants. It is a reactive, lipophilic and volatile-free radical that can be cytotoxic. NO can be generated: (1) enzymatically by NO synthase from l-arginine or nitrite via nitrate reductase; (2) non-enzymatically as a by-product of denitrification, nitrogen fixation and respiration. In plants, NO signalling involves cGMP, cADP ribose, Ca2+, salicylic acid and protein kinases. There is also extensive overlap and crosstalk with H2O2 or abscisic acid (ABA) signalling. ABA induced the movement of guard cells which has been involved by NO. NO plays a role in root development, germination, senescence, respiration, cell death, disease resistance and hormone responses. It also activates antioxidant defences during oxidative stress. NO has also been implicated in plant responses to abiotic stress. In these cases, when abiotic stresses alter physiological NO metabolism causing damage to biological molecules, a nitrosative stress is generated. This chapter presents the synthesis of NO and the role of NO in plants under abiotic stresses.
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Bajguz, A. (2014). Nitric Oxide: Role in Plants Under Abiotic Stress. In: Ahmad, P., Wani, M. (eds) Physiological Mechanisms and Adaptation Strategies in Plants Under Changing Environment. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8600-8_5
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