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Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase-1 Is a Biological Regulator of Energy Homeostasis

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Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase Genes in Lipid Metabolism

Abstract

Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) catalyzes the ∆9-cis desaturation of a range of fatty acyl-CoA substrates. The preferred substrates are palmitoyl- and stearoyl-CoA, which are converted into palmitoleoyl- and oleoyl-CoA, respectively. In addition to being components of tissue lipids, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) also serve as mediators of signal transduction, cellular differentiation, food intake, apoptosis, and mutagenesis in some tumors. Given the multiple roles of MUFAs, variation in SCD activity in mammals would be expected to have an affect on a variety of key physiological variables, including differentiation, insulin sensitivity, metabolic rate, adiposity, atherosclerosis, cancer, and obesity. Oleate is the most abundant MUFA in dietary fat and is therefore readily available. Why then is SCD a highly regulated enzyme? Studies of mice that have a naturally occurring mutation in the SCD1 gene isoform as well as a mouse model with a targeted disruption of the SCD1 gene have revealed the role of de novo synthesized oleate and thus the physiological importance of SCD1 expression. SCD1 deficiency results in reduced tissue triglycerides, body adiposity, increased insulin sensitivity, and resistance to diet-induced obesity. The expression of several genes of lipid oxidation is up regulated, whereas lipid synthesis genes are down regulated. SCD1 therefore appears to be an important metabolic control point and inhibition of its expression could be of benefit for the treatment of obesity, diabetes, and other metabolic diseases. In this chapter we summarize the recent advances concerning the role of SCD in energy homeostasis.

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Acknowledgements

This work has been supported by NIH grant NIDDK-RO162388, AHA Grant-in Aid, Wisconsin Affiliate, USDA (Hatch) grant # 142-4306.

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  1. Departments of Biochemistry and Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA

    James M. Ntambi Ph.D.

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  1. James M. Ntambi Ph.D.
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Correspondence to James M. Ntambi Ph.D. .

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  1. Departments of Biochemistry and Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA

    James M. Ntambi, Ph.D.

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Ntambi, J.M. (2013). Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase-1 Is a Biological Regulator of Energy Homeostasis. In: Ntambi, Ph.D., J. (eds) Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase Genes in Lipid Metabolism. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7969-7_3

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