Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Skin Manifestations in Rheumatic Disease pp 329–335Cite as

Skin Manifestations and Cryoglobulinemia

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

Abstract

Mixed cryoglobulinemia syndrome (MC) is a systemic vasculitis characterized by multiple organ involvement due to the vascular deposition of immune complexes, mainly the cryoglobulins. B-lymphocyte expansion represents the underlying pathological alteration frequently triggered by hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Purpura and skin ulcerations, especially of the lower extremities, are the most frequent cutaneous manifestations representing one of the hallmarks of the disease. Ulcers appear torpid and deep and are associated with high levels of pain, inflammation, and tissue necrosis. In this chapter the definition, differential diagnosis, and histological features of skin manifestations in MC will be provided.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Atzeni F, Carrabba M, Davin JC, Francès C, Ferri C, Guillevin L, Jorizzo JL, Mascia MT, Patel MJ, Pagnoux C, Vulpio L, Sarzi-Puttini P. Skin manifestations in vasculitis and erythema nodosum. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2006;24(1 Suppl 40):S60–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. La Civita L, Zignego AL, Bernacchi E, Monti M, Fabbri P, Ferri C. Hepatitis C virus infection and cutaneous vasculitis in mixed cryoglobulinemia. Mayo Clin Proc. 1996 Jan;71(1):109–10.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Antonelli A, Ferri C, Galeazzi M, Giannitti C, Manno D, Mieli-Vergani G, Menegatti E, Olivieri I, Puoti M, Palazzi C, Roccatello D, Vergani D, Sarzi-Puttini P, Atzeni F. HCV infection: pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and therapy. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2008;26(1 Suppl 48):S39–47.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Kluger N, Francès C. Cutaneous vasculitis and their differential diagnoses. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2009;27(52):SI24–38.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Bernacchi E, Civita LL, Caproni M, Zignego AL, Bianchi B, Monti M, Fabbri P, Pasero G, Ferri C. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) in cryoglobulinaemic leukocytoclastic vasculitis (LCV): could the presence of HCV in skin lesions be related to T CD8+ lymphocytes, HLA-DR and ICAM-1 expression? Exp Dermatol. 1999;8(6):480–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Carlson JA. The histological assessment of cutaneous vasculitis. Histopathology. 2010;56:3–23.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgment  

We thank Laura Maria Fatuzzo for her valuable contribution in reviewing the text.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, Pisa, 56126, Italy

    Chiara Baldini M.D., Rosaria Talarico M.D., Ph.D. & Stefano Bombardieri M.D.

  2. Malattie Muscolo Scheletriche e Cutanee, Ospedale S. Chiara, Unità Operativa di Reumatologia, AOUP, Via Roma 67, Pisa, 56126, Italy

    Elisabetta Bernacchi M.D. & Alessandra Della Rossa M.D.

Authors
  1. Chiara Baldini M.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Elisabetta Bernacchi M.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Rosaria Talarico M.D., Ph.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Alessandra Della Rossa M.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Stefano Bombardieri M.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Stefano Bombardieri M.D. .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Rheumatology, University of Florence Department of Biomedicine, Florence, Italy

    Marco Matucci-Cerinic

  2. Division of Rheumatology, UCLA Medical Center Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA

    Daniel Furst

  3. Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Redwood City, California, USA

    David Fiorentino

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Baldini, C., Bernacchi, E., Talarico, R., Rossa, A.D., Bombardieri, S. (2014). Skin Manifestations and Cryoglobulinemia. In: Matucci-Cerinic, M., Furst, D., Fiorentino, D. (eds) Skin Manifestations in Rheumatic Disease. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7849-2_40

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7849-2_40

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-7848-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-7849-2

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation