Abstract
This chapter appraises the development of investigative approaches for the dissection of renal function at the cellular level by experimentation in vitro. Such analysis cannot be separated from the nature of the questions asked and reflects the imagination of the investigators involved. The basic criterion for this evaluation has been set by Otto Warburg et al. [(113); translated by me from the German]:
There can be no argument about the unconditional priority of experiments in vivo. If manometric [e.g., in vitro] and in vivo experimentation are consistent, this offers the possibility of carrying out studies under simplified conditions. If, however, there is no consistence1, then experiments in vitro are biologically worthless.
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Kleinzeller, A. (1987). From Renal Tissue Slices to Membrane Vesicles. In: Gottschalk, C.W., Berliner, R.W., Giebisch, G.H. (eds) Renal Physiology. People and Ideas. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7545-3_5
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