Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Metal-Based Nanostructures

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Handbook of Gas Sensor Materials

Part of the book series: Integrated Analytical Systems ((ANASYS))

  • 4111 Accesses

Abstract

Experiment has shown that noble metal nanoparticles (MNPs) can be successfully incorporated in gas sensors. It was established that in comparison with conventional metal oxide chemiresistors, MNPs-based devices can be operated at room temperature or slightly above, which enables easy device integration and low-power operation. Present chapter analyzes properties of metal nanoparticles, describes technology of their synthesis, and gives information about gas sensors, which can be designed on the base of MNPs. Mechanisms of gas sensitivity and limitations of MNPs applications in gas sensors are discussed. Advantages and disadvantages of metal nanowires’ applications in gas sensors are analyzed as well. Chapter includes 13 figures, 1 Table and 96 references.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Ahmadi TS, Wang L, Henglein A, El-Sayed MA (1996) “Cubic” colloidal platinum nanoparticles. Chem Mater 8:1161–1163

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ahn H, Chandekar A, Kang B, Sung C, Whitten JE (2004) Electrical conductivity and vapor sensing properties of ω-(3-thienyl)alkanethiol-protected gold nanoparticle films. Chem Mater 16:3274–3278

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aiyer HN, Vijayakrishnan V, Subanna GN, Rao CNR (1994) Investigations of Pd clusters by the combined use of HREM, STM, high-energy spectroscopies and tunneling conductance measurements. Surf Sci 313:392–398

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Braunstein P, Oro G, Raithby PR (eds) (1999) Metal clusters in chemistry. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim

    Google Scholar 

  • Brus L (1991) Quantum crystallites and nonlinear optics. Appl Phys A 53:465–474

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brust M, Kiely CJ (2002) Some recent advances in nanostructure preparation from gold and silver particles: a short topical review. Colloids Surf A 202:175–186

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brust M, Walker M, Bethell D, Schiffrin DJ, Whyman R (1994) Synthesis of thiol-derivatised gold nanoparticles in a two-phase liquid-liquid system. J Chem Soc Chem Commun 7:801–802

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burda C, Chen X, Narayanan R, El-Sayed MA (2005) Chemistry and properties of nanocrystals of different shapes. Chem Rev 105:1025–1102

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cai QY, Zellers ET (2002) Dual-chemiresistor GC detector employing monolayer-protected metal nanocluster interfaces. Anal Chem 74:3533–3539

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen KJ, Lu CJ (2010) A vapor sensor array using multiple localized surface plasmon resonance bands in a single UV-vis spectrum. Talanta 81:1670–1675

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cheng C, Gonela RK, Gu Q, Haynie DT (2005) Self-assembly of metallic nanowires from aqueous solution. Nano Lett 5(1):175–178

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cheng CS, Chen YQ, Lu CJ (2007) Organic vapour sensing using localized surface plasmon resonance spectrum of metallic nanoparticles self assemble monolayer. Talanta 73:358–365

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cioffi N, Losito I, Torsi L, Farella I, Valentini A, Sabbatini L, Zambonin PG, Bleve-Zacheo T (2002) Analysis of the surface chemical composition and morphological structure of vapor-sensing gold−fluoropolymer nanocomposites. Chem Mater 14:804–811

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Daniel M-C, Astruc D (2004) Gold nanoparticles: assembly, supramolecular chemistry, quantum-size-related properties, and applications toward biology, catalysis, and nanotechnology. Chem Rev 104:293–346

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • De Jongh LJ (ed) (1994) Physics and chemistry of metal cluster compounds. Kluwer, Dordrecht

    Google Scholar 

  • Di Francia G, Alfano B, La Ferrara V (2009) Conductometric gas nanosensors. J Sensors 659275(18)

    Google Scholar 

  • Doering DL, Dickinson JT, Poppa H (1982) UHV studies of the interaction of CO with small supported metal particles, Ni mica. J Catal 73:91–103

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dovgolevsky E, Tisch U, Haick H (2009) Chemically sensitive resistors based on monolayer-capped cubic nanoparticles: towards configurable nanoporous sensors. Small 5:1158–1161

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Drake C, Deshpande S, Bera D, Seal S (2007) Metallic nanostructured materials based sensors. Int Mater Rev 52(5):289–317

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • El-Sayed MA (2004) Small is different: shape-, size-, and composition-dependent properties of some colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals. Acc Chem Res 37:326–333

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Erathodiyil N, Ying JY (2011) Functionalization of inorganic nanoparticles for bioimaging applications. Accounts Chem Res 44(10):925–935

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Evans SD, Johnson SR, Cheng YL, Shen T (2000) Vapour sensing using hybrid organic–inorganic nanostructured materials. J Mater Chem 10:183–186

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Favier F, Walter EC, Zach MP, Benter T, Penner RM (2001) Hydrogen sensors and switches from electrodeposited palladium mesowire arrays. Science 293(5538):2227–2231

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Filenko D, Gotszalk T, Kazantseva Z, Rabinovych O, Koshets I, Shirshov Y (2005) Chemical gas sensors based on calixarene-coated discontinuous gold films. Sens Actuators B 111–112:264–270

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gillet E, Channakhone S, Matolin V, Gillet M (1986) Chemisorptional behaviour of Pd small supported particles depending on size and structure: TDS, SSIMS and TEM investigation. Surf Sci 152/153:603–614

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Han L, Maye MM, Leibowitz FL, Ly NK, Zhong CJ (2001) Quartz-crystal microbalance and spectrophotometric assessments of inter-core and inter-shell reactivities in nanoparticle thin film formation and growth. J Mater Chem 11:1259–1264

    Google Scholar 

  • Harfenist SA, Wang ZL, Alvarez MM, Vezmar I, Whetten RL (1996) Highly oriented molecular Ag nanocrystal arrays. J Phys Chem 100(3):13904–13910

    Google Scholar 

  • Harfenist SA, Wang ZL, Whetten RL, Vezmar I, Alvarez MM (1997) Three-dimensional hexagonal close-packed superlattice of passivated Ag nanocrystals. Adv Mater 9:817–822

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haruta M (1997) Size- and support-dependency in the catalysis of gold. Catal Today 36:153–166

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • He ST, Xie SS, Yao JN, Gao HJ, Pang SJ (2002) Self-assembled two-dimensional superlattice of Au–Ag alloy nanocrystals. Appl Phys Lett 81:150–152

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heiz U, Sanchez A, Abbet S, Schneider W-D (1999) Catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide on monodispersed platinum clusters: each atom counts. J Am Chem Soc 121:3214–3217

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Henglein A (1989) Small-particle research: physicochemical properties of extremely small colloidal metal and semiconductor particles. Chem Rev 89:1861–1873

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hostetler MJ, Templeton AC, Murray RW (1999) Dynamics of place-exchange reactions on monolayer-protected gold cluster molecules. Langmuir 15:3782–3789

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hu Y, Perello D, Mushtaq U, Yun M (2008) A single palladium nanowire via electrophoresis deposition used as an ultrasensitive hydrogen sensor. IEEE Trans Nanotechnol 7:693–699

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jeon KJ, Jeun M, Lee E, Lee JM, Lee KI, von Allmen P, Lee W (2008) Finite size effect on hydrogen gas sensing performance in single Pd nanowires. Nanotechnology 19:4955011–4955016

    Google Scholar 

  • Jeon KJ, Lee JM, Lee E, Lee W (2009) Individual Pd nanowire hydrogen sensors fabricated by electron-beam lithography. Nanotechnology 20:1355021–1355025

    Google Scholar 

  • Joseph Y, Besnard I, Rosenberger M, Guse B, Nothofer H-G, Wessels JM, Wild U, Knop-Gericke A, Su D, Schogl R, Yasuda A, Vossmeyer T (2003) Self-assembled gold nanoparticle/alkanethiol films: preparation, electron microscopy, XPS-analysis, charge transport, and vapor-sensing properties. J Phys Chem B 107:7406–7413

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Joseph Y, Guse B, Yasuda A, Vossmeyer T (2004) Chemiresistor coatings from Pt- and Au-nanoparticle/nonanedithiol films: sensitivity to gases and solvent vapors. Sens Actuators B 98:188–195

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Joseph Y, Guse B, Vossmeyer T, Yasudaa A (2008) Gold nanoparticle/organic networks as chemiresistor coatings: the effect of film morphology on vapor sensitivity. J Phys Chem C 112:12507–12514

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kang JF, Ulman A, Liao S, Jordan R, Yang G, Liu GY (2001) Self-assembled rigid monolayers of 4′-substituted-4-mercaptobiphenyls on gold and silver surfaces. Langmuir 17:95–106

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Karakouz T, Vaskevich A, Rubinstein I (2008) Polymer-coated gold island films as localized plasmon transducers for gas sensing. J Phys Chem B 112:14530–14538

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kim KT, Sim SJ, Cho SM (2006) Hydrogen gas sensor using Pd nanowires electro-deposited into anodized alumina template. IEEE Sens J 6:509–513

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kriebig U, Vollmer M (eds) (1995) Optical properties of metal clusters. Springer, Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  • Kulkarni GU, Thomas PJ, Rao CNR (2000) Nanocrystals: synthesis and mesoscalar organization. In: Contescu CI, Putyera K (eds) Dekker encyclopedia of nanoscience and nanotechnology. CRC Press, New York, pp 2676–2696

    Google Scholar 

  • La Ferrara V, Alfano B, Massera E, Di Francia G (2008) Palladium nanowires assembly by dielectrophoresis investigated as hydrogen sensors. IEEE Trans Nanotechnol 7(6):776–781

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leibowitz FL, Zheng WX, Maye MM, Zhong CJ (1999) Structures and properties of nanoparticle thin films formed via a one-step exchange−cross-linking−precipitation route. Anal Chem 71:5076–5083

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li CZ, He HX, Bogozi A, Bunch JS, Tao NJ (2000) Molecular detection based on conductance quantization of nanowires. Appl Phys Lett 76:1333–1335

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lith JV, Lassesson A, Brown SA, Schulze M, Partridge JG, Ayesh A (2007) A hydrogen sensor based on tunneling between palladium clusters. Appl Phys Lett 91:181910

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Love JC, Estroff LA, Kriebel JK, Nuzzo RG, Whitesides GM (2005) Self-assembled monolayers of thiolates on metals as a form of nanotechnology. Chem Rev 105:1103–1169

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Masala O, Seshadri R (2004) Synthesis routes for large volumes of nanoparticles. Annu Rev Mater Res 34:41–81

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Matolin V, Gillet E, Reed NM, Vickerman JC (1990) CO oxidation over small Pd particle model catalysts. A static secondary ion mass spectrometry study. J Chem Soc Faraday Trans 86:2749–2755

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McConnell WP, Novak JP, Brousseau LCI, Fuierer RR, Tenent RC, Feldheim DL (2000) Electronic and optical properties of chemically modified metal nanoparticles and molecularly bridged nanoparticle arrays. J Phys Chem B 104:8925–8930

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Milani P, Iannotta S (1999) Cluster beam synthesis of nanostructured materials. Springer, Berlin

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Murray BJ, Walter EC, Penner RM (2004) Amine vapor sensing with silver mesowires. Nano Lett 4(4):665–670

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Neugebauer CA, Webb MB (1962) Electrical conduction mechanism in ultrathin, evaporated metal films. J Appl Phys 33:74–82

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Noh J-S, Lee JM, Lee W (2011) Low-dimensional palladium nanostructures for fast and reliable hydrogen gas detection. Sensors 11:825–851

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ogawa T, Kobayashi K, Masuda G, Takase T, Maeda S (2001) Electronic conductive characteristics of devices fabricated with 1,10-decanedithiol and gold nanoparticles between 1-m electrode gaps. Thin Solid Films 393:374–378

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pang P, Guo Z, Cai Q (2005) Humidity effect on the monolayer-protected gold nanoparticles coated chemiresistor sensor for VOCs analysis. Talanta 65:1343–1348

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pileni MP (1993) Reverse micelles as microreactors. J Phys Chem 97:6961–6973

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Platt M, Dryfe RAW, Roberts EPL (2002) Controlled deposition of nanoparticles at the liquid-liquid interface. Chem Commun 2002:2324–2325

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rao CNR, Vijayakrishnan V, Santra AK, Prins MWJ (1992) Dependence of the reactivity of Ag and Ni clusters deposited on solid substrates on the cluster size. Angew Chem Int Ed 31:1062–1064

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rao CNR, Kulkarni GU, Thomas PJ, Edward PP (2002) Size-dependent chemistry: properties of nanocrystals. Chem - A Eur J 8(1):28–35

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rao CNR, Kulkarni GU, Thomas PJ, Agrawal VV, Saravanan P (2003a) Films of metal nanocrystals formed at aqueous—organic interfaces. J Phys Chem B 107:7391–7395

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rao CNR, Kulkarni GU, Thomas PJ, Agrawal VV, Gautam UK, Ghosh M (2003b) Nanocrystals of metals, semiconductors and oxides: novel synthesis and applications. Curr Sci 85:1041–1045

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rao CNR, Kulkarni GU, Thomas PJ (2005) Physical and chemical; properties of nano-sized metal particles. In: Nicolais L, Carotenuto G (eds) Metal-polymer nanocomposites. Wiley, Hoboken, New Jersey, pp 1–36

    Google Scholar 

  • Raschke G, Brogl S, Susha S, Rogach AL, Klar TA, Feldman J, Fieres B, Petkov N, Bein T, Nichtl A, Kuzinger K (2004) Gold nanoshells improve single nanoparticle molecular sensors. Nano Lett 4:1853–1857

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saha K, Agasti SS, Kim C, Li X, Rotello VM (2012) Gold nanoparticles in chemical and biological sensing. Chem Rev 112:2739–2779

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sandhyarani N, Reshmi MR, Unnikrishnan R, Vidyasagar K, Ma S, Antony MP, Selvam GP, Visalakshi V, Chandrakumar N, Pandian K, Tao YT, Pradeep T (2000) Monolayer protected cluster superlattices: structural, spectroscopic, calorimetric and conductivity studies. Chem Mater 12:104–113

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Santra AK, Ghosh S, Rao CNR (1994) Dependence of the strength of interaction of carbon monoxide with transition metal clusters on the cluster size. Langmuir 10:3937–3939

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sattler K, Mhlback J, Recknagel E (1980) Generation of metal clusters containing from 2 to 500 atoms. Phys Rev Lett 45:821–824

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schmid G (ed) (1994) Clusters and colloids: from theory to applications. VCH, Weinheim

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmid G, Corain B (2003) Nanoparticulated gold: syntheses, structures, electronics, and reactivities. Eur J Inorg Chem 17:3081–3098

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schönenberger C, van der Zande BMI, Fokkink LGJ, Henny M, Schmid C, Krüger M, Bachtold A, Huber R, Birk H, Staufer U (1997) Template synthesis of nanowires in porous polycarbonate membranes: electrochemistry and morphology. J Phys Chem B 101:5497–5505

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shipway AN, Lahav M, Blonder R, Willner I (1999) Bis-bipyridinium cyclophane receptor- Au nanoparticle superstructures for electrochemical sensing applications. Chem Mater 11:13–15

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shipway AN, Katz E, Willner I (2000) Nanoparticle arrays on surfaces for electronic, optical, and sensor applications. Chemphyschem 1:18–52

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sun S, Murray CB, Weller D, Folks L, Maser A (2000) Monodisperse FePt nanoparticles and ferromagnetic FePt nanocrystal superlattices. Science 287:1989–1992

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tao A, Kim F, Hess C, Goldberger J, He RR, Sun YG, Xia YN, Yang PD (2003) Langmuir–Blodgett silver nanowire monolayers for molecular sensing using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Nano Lett 3:1229–1233

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Templeton AC, Hostetler MJ, Kraft CT, Murray RW (1998a) Reactivity of monolayer-protected gold cluster molecules: steric effects. J Am Chem Soc 120:1906–1911

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Templeton AC, Hostetler MJ, Warmoth EK, Chen S, Hartshorn CW, Krishnamurthy VM, Forbes MDE, Murray RW (1998b) Gateway reactions to diverse, polyfunctional monolayer-protected gold clusters. J Am Chem Soc 120:4845–4849

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thanha NTK, Green LAW (2010) Functionalisation of nanoparticles for biomedical applications. Nano Today 5:213–230

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tisch U, Haick H (2010) Sensors based on monolayer-capped metallic nanoparticles. In: Korotcenkov G (ed) Chemical sensors: fundamentals of sensing materials. Vol. 2. Nanostructured materials. Momentum, New York, pp 141–202

    Google Scholar 

  • Turkevich J, Stevenson PC, Hillier J (1951) A study of the nucleation and growth processes in the synthesis of colloidal gold. Discuss Faraday Soc 11:55–56

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Valden M, Lai X, Goodman DW (1998) Onset of catalytic activity of gold clusters on titania with the appearance of nonmetallic properties. Science 281:1647–1650

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Van Dijk MA, Tchebotareva AL, Orrit M, Lippitz M, Berciaud S, Lasne D, Cognet L, Lounis B (2006) Absorption and scattering microscopy of single metal nanoparticles. Phys Chem Chem Phys 8:3486–3495

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vasan HN, Rao CNR (1995) Nanoscale Ag–Pd and Cu–Pd alloys. J Mater Chem 5:1755–1757

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Walter EC, Ng K, Zach MP, Penner RM, Favier F (2002a) Electronic devices from electrodeposited metal nanowires. Microelectron Eng 61–62:555–561

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walter EC, Favier F, Penner RM (2002b) Palladium mesowire arrays for fast hydrogen sensors and hydrogen-actuated switches. Anal Chem 74(7):1546–1553

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Walter EC, Murray B, Favier F, Kaltenpoth G, Grunze M, Penner RM (2002c) Noble and coinage metal nanowires by electrochemical step edge decoration. J Phys Chem B 106:11407

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wohltjen H, Snow AW (1998) Colloidal metal-insulator-metal ensemble chemiresistor sensor. Anal Chem 70:2856–2859

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yang C-Y, Li C-L, Lu C-J (2006) A vapor selectivity study of microsensor arrays employing various functionalized ligand protected gold nanoclusters. Anal Chim Acta 565:17–26

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yang F, Taggart DK, Penner RM (2009) Fast, sensitive hydrogen gas detection using single palladium nanowires that resist fracture. Nano Lett 9:2177–2182

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yguerabide J, Yguerabide EE (1998) Light-scattering sub microscopic particles as highly fluorescent analogs and their use as tracer labels in clinical and biological applications. Anal Biochem 262:137–156

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yin AJ, Li J, Jian W, Bennett AJ, Xu JM (2001) Fabrication of highly ordered metallic nanowire arrays by electrodeposition. Appl Phys Lett 79:1039–1041

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yu A, Liang Z, Cho J, Caruso F (2003) Nanostructured electrochemical sensor based on dense gold nanoparticle films. Nano Lett 3:1203–1207

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zabet-Khosousi A, Dhirani A (2008) Charge transport in nanoparticle assemblies. Chem Rev 108:4072–4124

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang JZ (1997) Ultrafast studies of electron dynamics in semiconductor and metal colloidal nanoparticles: effects of size and surface. Acc Chem Res 30:423–429

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang HL, Evans SD, Henderson JR, Miles RE, Shen TH (2002) Vapour sensing using surface functionalized gold nanoparticles. Nanotechnology 13:439–444

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zheng WX, Maye MM, Leibowitz FL, Zhong CJ (2000) Imparting biomimetic ion-gating recognition properties to electrodes with a hydrogen-bonding structured core−shell nanoparticle network. Anal Chem 72:2190–2199

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Korea, Republic of (South Korea)

    Ghenadii Korotcenkov

Authors
  1. Ghenadii Korotcenkov
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Korotcenkov, G. (2014). Metal-Based Nanostructures. In: Handbook of Gas Sensor Materials. Integrated Analytical Systems. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7388-6_4

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation