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APOBECs and Their Role in Proviral DNA Synthesis

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Human Immunodeficiency Virus Reverse Transcriptase

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Abstract

The human APOBEC3 subfamily consists of seven DNA cytosine deaminases that act on single-stranded cDNA during HIV reverse transcription. The net effect of these enzymes is the restriction of viral infectivity due to the inhibition of reverse transcription and to the hypermutation of those genomes that complete cDNA synthesis and integration. In this chapter, we introduce the APOBEC3 proteins in historical context as a prelude to the consideration of evidence for their deaminase-dependent and deaminase-independent mechanisms of antiviral action. We also consider how editing of the viral genome by APOBEC3 proteins may alter the coding capacity and pathogenic potential of HIV by contributing to the inherently error-prone replication process and to the overall high level of HIV genetic variation.

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Acknowledgments

This work was funded by the National Institutes of Health (R01 AI064046 and P01 GM091743 to RSH). JSA was supported in part by the National Institute on Drug Abuse and by the University of Minnesota Medical Scientist Training Program (F30 DA026310 and T32 GM008244, respectively).

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  1. Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Institute for Molecular Virology, Center for Genome Engineering, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA

    John S. Albin & Reuben S. Harris

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  1. John S. Albin
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  2. Reuben S. Harris
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Correspondence to Reuben S. Harris .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. , HIV Drug Resistance Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, 21702, Maryland, USA

    Stuart LeGrice

  2. McGill University, 3775 University Street 3755, Montreal, H3T 1E2, Québec, Canada

    Matthias Gotte

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© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York

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Albin, J.S., Harris, R.S. (2013). APOBECs and Their Role in Proviral DNA Synthesis. In: LeGrice, S., Gotte, M. (eds) Human Immunodeficiency Virus Reverse Transcriptase. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7291-9_12

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