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Social Determinants of Self-Regulation Development

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Social Neuroscience and Public Health

Abstract

Self-regulation refers to the ability to control cognition and behavior while delaying gratification. This set of processes develops across the life course. Self-regulation had a direct impact on health, income, and interpersonal relationships. A growing body of evidence is unveiling the association between early adversity and deficits in self-regulation development. Lack of stimulation and exposure to toxic levels of stress are two proposed mechanisms by which early adversity exerts its deleterious influence on self-regulation development. Moreover, poverty-related biological and chemical risks may also affect child development prenatally. Cumulative exposures to environmental, biological, and psychosocial risks may also account for the divergent trajectories between high and low socioeconomic backgrounds. The first part of this chapter describes the role of self-regulation in health outcomes and how it develops under normal conditions. The second half addresses the influence of social determinants on such development.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Different dimensions of self-regulation have been examined over time under different terms: willpower (Metcalfe and Mischel 1999), hyperbolic discounting (Loewenstein and Elster 1992), grit (Duckworth et al. 2007), effortful control (Kochanska et al. 2000), self-control (Baumeister 2002), time preference (Fishburn and Rubinstein 1982), etc.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Harvard University, Boston, USA

    Ezequiel M. Galarce & Ichiro Kawachi

Authors
  1. Ezequiel M. Galarce
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  2. Ichiro Kawachi
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Correspondence to Ezequiel M. Galarce .

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  1. , Department of Applied Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, University Avenue West 200, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, Ontario, Canada

    Peter A. Hall

Highlights

Highlights

  1. 1.

    Self-regulation is involved in the top–down control of attentional, behavioral, and motivational processes. Self-regulation is thus associated with health behavioral maintenance.

  2. 2.

    The development of self-regulatory processes is partly modulated by external influences, such as cognitive stimulation and stress.

  3. 3.

    Childhood poverty may affect self-regulation development through psychosocial mechanisms, as well as chemical and biological ones.

  4. 4.

    Further advancing our understanding of how early adversity affects self-regulation, and health behavioral maintenance, will contribute to the design of better public health interventions aimed at narrowing existing gaps in health between high and low socioeconomic groups.

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Galarce, E.M., Kawachi, I. (2013). Social Determinants of Self-Regulation Development. In: Hall, P. (eds) Social Neuroscience and Public Health. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6852-3_13

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