Abstract
This chapter is on the distributed space-time coding (DSTC) scheme for cooperative relay network. At first, the space-time coding scheme proposed for multiple-antenna system is briefly reviewed in Sect. 2.1. Then in Sect. 2.2, DSTC for a single-antenna multiple-relay network is elaborated. The performance analysis of DSTC, including the pairwise error probability (PEP) calculations and the diversity order derivation, is also provided. Some code designs for DSTC are introduced in Sect. 2.3. Finally, in Sect. 2.4, simulated error probabilities of DSTC for several network scenarios are illustrated.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
Note that, compared with the condition \(P\gg 1\), this condition requires higher \(P\).
- 2.
For a multiple-antenna system that uses this code in space-time coding, \(K\) symbols can be sent through \(T\) time slots. Thus the symbol-rate is \(K/T\). For a relay network with DSTC, \(2T\) time slots are actually needed to complete the transmissions of the \(K\) symbols. But to be consistent with the literature on ODs, we say that the code has symbol-rate \(K/T\).
References
Alamouti SM (1998) A simple transmitter diversity scheme for wireless communications. IEEE J on Selected Areas in Communications, 16:1451–1458.
Barbero LG and Thompson JS (2008) Fixing the complexity of the sphere decoder for MIMO detection. IEEE T Wireless Communications, 7:2131–2142.
Damen O, Chkeif A, and Belfiore JC (2000) Lattice code decoder for space-time codes. IEEE Communications L, 4:161–163.
Gradshteyn IS and Ryzhik IM (2000) Table of Integrals, Series and Products. Academic Press, 6nd ed.
Elia P, Kittipiyakul S, and Javidi T (2007) Cooperative diversity schemes for asynchronous wireless networks. Wireless Personal Communications, 43: 3–12, doi:10.1007/s11277-006-9242-3.
Guo X and Xia XG (2008) A distributed space-time coding in asynchronous wireless relay networks. IEEE T on Wireless Communications, 7:1812–1816.
Hassibi B and Hochwald B (2002) High-rate codes that are linear in space and time. IEEE T on Information Theory, 48:1804–1824.
Hassibi B and Vikalo H (2005) On the sphere-decoding algorithm I. Expected complexity. IEEE T Signal Processing, 8:2806–2818.
Hochwald BM and Marzetta TL (2000) Unitary space-time modulation for multiple-antenna communication in Rayleigh flat-fading. IEEE T on Information Theory, 46:543–564.
Hochwald B and Sweldens W (1999) Differential unitary space-time modulation. IEEE T on Communications, 48:2041–2052.
Hughes B (2000) Differential space-time modulation. IEEE T on Information Theory, 46:2567–2578.
Jafarkhani H (2001) A quasi-orthogonal space-time block codes. IEEE T on Communications, 49:1–4.
Jafarkhani H (2005) Space-Time Coding: Theory and Practice. Cambridge Academic Press.
Jing Y (2010) Combination of MRC and distributed space-time coding in networks with multiple-antenna relays. IEEE T on Wireless Communications, 9:2550–2559.
Jing Y (2004) Space-Time Code Design and Its Applications in Wireless Networks. Ph.D. Thesis, California Institute of Technology.
Jing Y and Hassibi B (2004) Wireless network, diversity, and space-time codes. Information Theory, Workshop, 2004.
Jing Y and Hassibi B (2006) Distributed space-time coding in wireless relay networks. IEEE T on Wireless Communications, 5:3524–3536.
Jing Y and Hassibi B (2008) Cooperative diversity in wireless relay networks with multiple-antenna nodes. EURASIP J on Advanced Signal Process, doi:10.1155/2008/254573.
Jing Y and Jafarkhani H (2007) Using orthogonal and quasi-orthogonal designs in wireless relay networks. IEEE T on Information Theory, 53:4106–4118.
Kiran T and Rajan BS (2006) Distributed space-time codes with reduced decoding complexity. IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory, 542–546.
Li Y, Zhang W, and Xia X-G (2009) Distributive high-rate space-frequency codes achieving full cooperative and multipath diversities for asynchronous cooperative communications. IEEE T on Vehicular Technology, 58:207–217.
Oggier F and Hassibi B (2006) An algebraic family of distributed space-time codes for wireless relay networks. IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory, 538–541.
Oggier F and Hassibi B (2008) An algebraic coding scheme for Wireless Relay networks with Multiple-Antenna Nodes. IEEE T Signal Processing, 56:2957–2966.
Oggier F and Hassibi B (2008) Code design for multihop wireless relay networks. EURASIP J Advances Signal Processing, 2008. doi:10.1155/2008/457307.
Papadias CB and Foschini GJ (2011) A space-time coding approach for systems employing four transmit antennas. International C on on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 4:2481–2484.
Papadias CB and Foschini GJ (2003) Capacity-approaching space-time codes for systems employing four transmitter antennas. IEEE T Information Theory, 49:726–732.
Rajan GS and Rajan BS (2007) Algebraic distributed space-time codes with low ML decoding complexity. IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory, 1516–1520.
Su W and Xia X-G (2004) Signal constellations for quasi-orthogonal space-time block codes with full diversity. IEEE T on Information Theory, 50:2331–2347.
Tarokh V, Jafarkhani H, and Calderbank AR (1999) Space-time block codes from orthogonal designs. IEEE T on Information Theory, 45:1456–1467.
Tarokh V, Seshadri N, and Calderbank AR (1998) Space-time codes for high data rate wireless communication: Performance criterion and code construction. IEEE T on Information Theory, 44:744–765.
Tirkkonen O, Boariu A, and Hottinen A (2000) Minimal non-orthogonality rate 1 space-time block code for 3-Tx antennas. IEEE 6th Int. Symp. Spread-Spectrum Tech. Appl., 429432.
Van Trees HL (1998) Detection, Estimation, and Modulation Theory-Part I. New York: Wiley.
Vikalo H and Hassibi B (2005) On the sphere-decoding algorithm II. Generalizations, second-order statistics, and applications to communications. IEEE T Signal Processing, 8:2819–2834.
Viterbo E and Boutros J (1999) A universal lattice code decoder for fading channels. IEEE T Information Theory, 5:1639–1642.
Wang H and Xia X-G (2003) Upper bounds of rates of complex orthogonal space-time block codes. IEEE T on Information Theory, 49:2788–2796.
Wang H and Xia X-G (2005) On optimal quasi-orthogonal space-time block codes with minimum decoding complexity. IEEE International S on Information Theory, 1168–1172.
Yi Z, Ju M, Song H-K, and Kim I-M (2011) BER analysis of distributed Alamouti’s code with CSI-assiated relays. IEEE T Wireless Communications, 10:1199–1211.
Yi Z and Kim DI (2007) Single-Symbol ML decodable distributed STBCs for cooperative networks. IEEE T Information Theory, 53:2977–2985.
Yi Z and Kim I-M (2009) Approximate BER expressions of distributed Alamouti’s code in dissimilar cooperative networks with blind relays. IEEE T Communications, 57:3571–3578.
Yi Z, Kim I-M, and Kim DI (2011) Symbol rate upper bound of distributed STBC with channel phase information. IEEE T Wireless Communications, 10:745–750.
Zummo SD and Al-Semari SA (2000) A tight bound on the error probability of space-time codes for rapid fading channels. IEEE, Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, 1086–1089.
Uysal M and Georghiades CN (2000) Error performance analysis of space-time codes over Rayleigh fading channels. IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference- fall, 5:2285–2290.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Jing, Y. (2013). Distributed Space-Time Coding. In: Distributed Space-Time Coding. SpringerBriefs in Computer Science. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6831-8_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6831-8_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-6830-1
Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-6831-8
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)