Abstract
Violence has been a regular and popular component of media for as long as we have recorded literature. Similarly, efforts to condemn, control, regulate, or censor “offensive” media have been a regular component of popular discourse. This chapter tracks trends regarding the inclusion of violence in popular entertainment, as well as efforts by societal leaders to control media. Although violent content in media or popular entertainment varies somewhat from culture to culture, few are without substantial violence in popular entertainment. Interestingly, as mass media entered its golden age in the second half of the twentieth century, societal violence decreased overall. It is argued that understanding these past, historical trends is essential if we are to fully understand how society treats media in the modern era.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Aristotle. (2004/350BC). Politics. Sioux Falls: NuVision Publications.
Augustine. (397). Confessions. Retrieved March 26, 2008, from http://www.ccel.org/ccel/augustine/confessions.toc.html
Bandura, A. (1965). Influence of models’ reinforcement contingencies on the acquisition of imitative response. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1, 589–595.
Bandura, A., Ross, D., & Ross, S. A. (1961). Transmission of aggression through imitation of aggressive models. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 63, 575–582.
Bandura, A., Ross, D., & Ross, S. A. (1963). Imitation of film-mediated aggressive models. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 66, 3–11.
Blummer, H. (1933). Movies and conduct. New York: Macmillan.
Bureau of Justice Statistics. (2008). Campus law enforcement, 2004–2005. Retrieved April 2, 2008, from http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/abstract/cle0405.htm
Bushman, B., & Anderson, C. (2001). Media violence and the American public. American Psychologist, 56, 477–489.
Cardwell, J. (1994). The attacks on role-playing games. The Skeptical Inquirer, 18, 157–165.
Charton, T., Gunter, B., & Coles, D. (1998). Broadcast television as a cause of aggression? Recent findings from a naturalistic study. Emotional and Behavioral Difficulties: A Peer-Reviewed Journal, 3, 5–13.
Childstats.gov. (2011). America’s children: Key national indicators of well-being, 2011. Retrieved December 10, 2011, from http://www.childstats.gov/
Coleman, K. (1990). Fatal charades: Roman executions staged as mythical enactments. The Journal of Roman Studies, 80, 44–73.
Cumberbach, G. (2008). Media effects: Continuing controversies. In D. Albertazzi & P. Cobley (Eds.), The media. London: Pearson Education.
Daniell, D. (2004). Oxford dictionary of national biography. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Federal Bureau of Investigation. (1951–2011). Uniform crime reports. Washington, DC: GPO.
Federal Trade Commission. (2007). Marketing violent entertainment to children. Retrieved April 2, 2008, from http://www.ftc.gov/reports/violence/070412MarketingViolentEChildren.pdf
Ferguson, C. J. (2002). Media violence: Miscast causality. American Psychologist, 57(6–7), 446–447.
Gamepolitics.com. (2007). ESRB: Video game report card flawed, contradicts government findings. Retrieved April 2, 2008, from http://gamepolitics.com/2007/12/04/esrb-video-game-report-card-flawed-contradicts-govt-findings/
Gauntlett, D. (1995). Moving experiences: Understanding television’s influences and effects. Luton: John Libbey.
Griffiths, M., & Hunt, N. (1995). Computer game playing in adolescence: Prevalence and demographic indicators. Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology, 5, 189–193.
Griswold, C. (2004). Plato on rhetoric and poetry. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved March 25, 2008, from http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2004/entries/plato-rhetoric/
Grossman, D. (1995). On killing: The psychological cost of learning to kill in society. New York: Little, Brown and Company.
Hallo, W., & Simpson, W. (1971). The ancient near east: A history. San Diego: Harcourt Brace.
Hays, W. (1930). The motion picture production code of 1930. Retrieved March 31, 2008, from http://www.artsreformation.com/a001/hays-code.html
Kaiser Family Foundation. (2004). Parents, media and public policy. Retrieved April 2, 2008, from http://www.kff.org/entmedia/7156.cfm
Kaiser Family Foundation. (2007). Parents, children and media. Retrieved April 2, 2008, from http://www.kff.org/entmedia/entmedia061907pkg.cfm
Kirschenbaum, M. (2007). How reading is being reimagined. The Chronicle of Higher Education, 54(15), B20.
Kutner, L., & Olson, C. (2008). Grand theft childhood: The surprising truth about violent video games. New York: Simon & Schuster.
Lowery, S., & DeFleur, M. (1995). Milestones in mass communication research: Media effects (3rd ed.). New York: Longman.
McCall, G., & Shields, N. (2008). Examining the evidence from small-scale societies and early prehistory and implications for modern theories of aggression and violence. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 13, 1–9.
McLuhan, M., & Fiore, Q. (1967). The medium is in the message. Corte Madera, CA: Gingko Press.
National Institute of Media and the Family. (2007). 12th annual Mediawise video game report card. Retrieved April 2, 2008, from http://www.mediafamily.org/research/report_vgrc_2007.shtml
National Jousting Association. (2008). The medieval tourney. Retrieved March 23, 2008, from http://www.nationaljousting.com/history/medieval.htm
Pagden, A. (2008). Words at war: The 2500-year struggle between East and West. New York: Random House.
Parents’ Television Council. (2007). The alarming family hour…no place for children. Retrieved April 2, 2008, from http://www.parentstv.org/PTC/publications/reports/familyhour/exsummary.asp
Pearson, G. (1983). Hooligan: A history of respectable fears. London: Macmillan.
Prest, T. (1847). Varney the vampire. Retrieved March 28, 2008, from http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/toc/modeng/public/PreVarn.html
Savage, J. (2008). The role of exposure to media violence in the etiology of violent behavior: A criminologist weighs in. American Behavioral Scientist, 51, 1123–1136.
Seneca. (64). Epistulae morales ad Lucilium. Retrieved March 24, 2008, from http://www.martinfrost.ws/htmlfiles/moral_epistles.html
Sherkat, D., & Ellison, C. (1997). The cognitive structure of a moral crusade: Conservative protestantism and the opposition to pornography. Social Forces, 75, 957–980.
Tertullian. (200). De spectaculis. Retrieved March 26, 2008, from http://www.tertullian.org/lfc/LFC10-13_de_spectaculis.htm
Trend, D. (2007). The myth of media violence: A critical introduction. Malden, MA: Blackwell.
United States Secret Service and United States Department of Education. (2002). The final report and findings of the Safe School Initiative: Implications for the prevention of school attacks in the United States. Retrieved November 12, 2007, from http://www.secretservice.gov/ntac/ssi_final_report.pdf
Wells, C. (1995). The Roman empire. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Wertham, F. (1954/1996). Seduction of the innocent. Mattituck, NY: Amereon.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Ferguson, C.J. (2013). A History of Violence in the Media. In: Adolescents, Crime, and the Media. Advancing Responsible Adolescent Development. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6741-0_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6741-0_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-6740-3
Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-6741-0
eBook Packages: Behavioral ScienceBehavioral Science and Psychology (R0)