Abstract
Combined and simultaneous measurements, as pointed out in Chap. 1, are measurements performed to find values of several quantities related by a known equation. In either case, a measurement experiment involves multiple measurements, with each individual measurement producing one equation instance. Typically, the number of measurements is such that there are more equations than the unknowns (the parameters and measurands). Because of measurement errors, it is impossible to find values of the unknowns such that all equations would be satisfied simultaneously. Under these conditions, the estimated values of the unknowns usually are found with the help of the method of least squares.
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Reference
M.F. Malikov, Foundations of Metrology [in Russian] (Committee on Measures and Measuring Devices at the Council of Ministers of the USSR, Moscow, 1949)
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Rabinovich, S.G. (2013). Combined and Simultaneous Measurements. In: Evaluating Measurement Accuracy. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6717-5_6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6717-5_6
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