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How is China Going into Space?

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China’s Strategy in Space

Part of the book series: SpringerBriefs in Space Development ((BRIEFSSPACE))

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Abstract

Deng encouraged China’s scientists and engineers to develop space technologies during a risky time in the PRC’s short history. Because China was ripe for change, the aerospace industry was able to build a solid foundation upon which new space programs could be created through the next few decades. A myriad of factors that emerged out the post-Cultural Revolution era laid the perfect foundation for S&T advancements in the aerospace field.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    It is interesting to note that the original reports from China stated the landing was only 3 miles from the intended landing site. China waited four years to report the truth. Xi’an Satellite Control Center (XSCC) reported that Yang Liwei lost all means of communicating with XSCC after entering the atmosphere nor could ground-based radars track the capsule. XSCC engineers claimed they had to use cinetheodolites to track the capsule and, based off of that data, they were able to properly control the parachute deployment. For more, see Ref. [2].

  2. 2.

    The BACC site focuses on human spaceflights.

  3. 3.

    Yang Jiachi, an expert in satellite attitude control systems engineering, made significant contributions to three-axis stabilization on the Fanhui Shi Weixing (返回式卫星) recoverable satellites, and initially worked for CAS before he was moved to CAST in 1968, where he eventually reached the rank of a CAST vice president.

  4. 4.

    See Ref. [28].

  5. 5.

    For more on China’s Leading Group structure, see Ref. [6].

  6. 6.

    For more on CNSA, see their website at http://www.cnsa.gov.cn/n615709/cindex.html.

  7. 7.

    China National Space Administration, “Organization and Function;” available from http://www.cnsa.gov.cn/n615709/n620681/n771918/index.html.

  8. 8.

    For more on CAMEC, see http://www.cgwic.com/About/Milestone/Before2004.html.

  9. 9.

    For more on CASC, see their website at http://www.spacechina.com.

  10. 10.

    China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation, “Talented Personnel;” available from http://www.spacechina.com/n16421/n17221/index.html.

  11. 11.

    For more on CALT, see www.calt.com.

  12. 12.

    For more on CAST, see their website at http://www.cast.cn.

  13. 13.

    For more on CGWIC, see their website at http://cn.cgwic.com.

  14. 14.

    CWGIC, “Company Profile,” available from http://www.cgwic.com/about/index.html.

  15. 15.

    For more on CLTC, see http://www.cgwic.com/Partner.

  16. 16.

    For more discussion on CLTC’s chain of command, see [7] and [8].

  17. 17.

    It is interesting to note that in the Chinese language, one often speaks in extremes so that, for example, the weather is very hot or very cold. This linguistic/cultural phenomenon may be reflected within the aerospace industry’s call for accelerated development to a more extreme measure than what would have been found in other cultures in the same situation.

  18. 18.

    “张德江强调大力推进央企科技创新,” 上海证券报, 2011年03月19日, available from http://www.p5w.net/news/gncj/201103/t3504128.htm.

  19. 19.

    Note, however, the 2011 Space White Paper does not reflect this attempt at cooling off the pace, but continues to promote “China speed.”

  20. 20.

    “Abstract,” Space Science & Technology in China: A Roadmap to 2050, eds. Guo Huadong and Wu Ji, (Beijing, Beijing Science Press, 2010), 4.

  21. 21.

    周威,“商业通信卫星市场:综述,” 中国航天(第4期2011年): 20–25.

  22. 22.

    王军霞, “整体政府的知识协作研究-基于中国的实践,” 北京航空航天大学学报(社会科学版) 第23卷第5期(9月2010年) 1–6.

  23. 23.

    “National High-Tech R&D Program (863 Program),” Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China; available from www.most.gov.cn/eng/programmes1/200610/t20061009_36225.htm.

  24. 24.

    For more on China’s use of soft power, see Ref. [27].

  25. 25.

    “温家宝在天津考察纪实:把滨海新区建设得更好,”新华网,2010年09月14日; available from http://news.xinhuanet.com/politics/2010-09/14/c_12552302.htm.

  26. 26.

    As another example of aerospace industry’s work to increase a town’s industrial base, see朱国娟, “慈城‘三大转变’统筹推进卫星城建设,” 区城发展:经济丛刊, (3月2011年) 30–32.

  27. 27.

    According to CITIC’s homepage, CITIC was originally founded in 1979 by PRC Vice President Rong Yiren with the initiation and approval of Deng Xiaoping. For more on CITIC, visit their homepage at http://www.citic.com/wps/portal/citicen.

  28. 28.

    “CCTV News, Your Link to Asia;” available from http://english.cntv.cn/20100426/104481.shtml.

  29. 29.

    “About Us;” available from http://www.kylintv.com/kylintv/page/about-us.

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    Stacey Solomone

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Solomone, S. (2013). How is China Going into Space?. In: China’s Strategy in Space. SpringerBriefs in Space Development. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6690-1_3

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