Abstract
Debriefing is the learning conversation that follows a simulation session. The instructor’s role in providing feedback and guiding reflection is critical to ensure that reflecting on the simulation experience yields learning and growth in accordance with the stated educational goals of the session. This chapter describes the philosophy of “Debriefing with Good Judgment” which was developed at the Center for Medical Simulation in Cambridge, Massachusetts. In particular the focus is on four key principles that debriefers should follow: have learning objectives that are clearly defined prior to the simulation session, set expectations clearly for the debriefing session, be curious, give feedback, try not to “fix” your learners, and organize the debriefing session into three phases.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Darling M, Parry C, Moore J. Learning in the thick of it. Harv Bus Rev. 2005;83(7):84–92.
Dismukes RK, McDonnell LK, Jobe KK. Facilitating LOFT debriefings: instructor techniques and crew participation. Int J Aviat Psychol. 2000;10:35–57.
Fanning RM, Gaba DM. The role of debriefing in simulation-based learning. Simul Healthc. 2007;2(2):115–25.
Issenberg SB, McGaghie WC, Petrusa ER, Lee Gordon D, Scalese RJ. Features and uses of high-fidelity medical simulations that lead to effective learning: a BEME systematic review. Med Teach. 2005;27(1):10–28. doi:10.1080/01421590500046924.
Schön D. The reflective practitioner. New York: Basic Books; 1983.
Schön D. Educating the reflective practitioner: toward a new design for teaching and learning in the professions. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass; 1987.
Kolb DA. Experiential learning: experience as the source of learning and development. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall; 1984.
Baile WF, Buckman R, Lenzi R, Glober G, Beale EA, Kudelka AP. SPIKES-A six-step protocol for delivering bad news: application to the patient with cancer. Oncologist. 2000;5(4):302–11. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10964998.
Berendzen JA, van Nes JB, Howard BC, Zite NB. Fire in labor and delivery: simulation case scenario. Simul Healthc. 2011;6(1):55–61. doi:10.1097/SIH.0b013e318201351b.
Corvetto MA, Hobbs GW, Taekman JM. Fire in the operating room. Simul Healthc. 2011;6(6):356–9. doi:10.1097/SIH.0b013e31820dff18.
van Soeren M, Devlin-Cop S, Macmillan K, Baker L, Egan-Lee E, Reeves S. Simulated interprofessional education: an analysis of teaching and learning processes. J Interprof Care. 2011;25(6):434–40. doi:10.3109/13561820.2011.592229.
Wayman KI, Yaeger KA, Paul J, Trotter S, Wise L, Flora IA, et al. Simulation- based medical error disclosure training for pediatric healthcare professionals. J Healthc Qual. 2007;29:12–9.
Rudolph JW, Simon R, Dufresne RL, Raemer DB. There’s no such thing as a “non-judgmental” debriefing: a theory and method for debriefing with good judgment. Simul Healthc. 2006;1:49–55.
Rudolph JW, Simon R, Raemer DB, Eppich WJ. Debriefing as formative assessment: closing performance gaps in medical education. Acad Emerg Med. 2008;15:1010–6.
McDonnell LK, Jobe KK, Dismukes RK. Facilitating LOS debriefings: a training manual: NASA; 1997. DOT/FAA/AR-97/6.
Simon R, Raemer DB, Rudolph JW. Debriefing assessment for simulation in healthcare© – rater version. Cambridge: Center for Medical Simulation; 2009.
Dismukes RK, Smith GM. Facilitation and debriefing in aviation training and operations. Aldershot: Ashgate; 2001.
Edmondson A. Psychological safety and learning behavior in work teams. Adm Sci Q. 1999;44:350–83.
Rudolph JW, Simon R, Raemer DB. Which reality matters? Questions on the path to high engagement in healthcare simulation. Simul Healthc. 2007;2(3):161–3. doi:10.1097/SIH.0b013e31813d1035.
Dieckman P, Gaba DM, Rall M. Deepening the theoretical foundations of patient simulation as social practice. Simul Healthc. 2007;2:183–93.
Pisano G. Speeding up team learning. Harv Bus Rev. 2001;79:125–34.
Lederman LC. Debriefing: toward a systematic assessment of theory and practice. Simul Gaming. 1992;23:145–60.
Merriam SB. Androgogy and self-directed learning: pillars of adult learning theory. New Dir Adult Contin Educ. 2001;89:3–14.
Raphael B, Wilson JP. Psychological debriefing. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2000.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Szyld, D., Rudolph, J.W. (2013). Debriefing with Good Judgment. In: Levine, A.I., DeMaria, S., Schwartz, A.D., Sim, A.J. (eds) The Comprehensive Textbook of Healthcare Simulation. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5993-4_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5993-4_7
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-5992-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-5993-4
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)