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The Role of Complement in Tumor Growth

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Tumor Microenvironment and Cellular Stress

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 772))

Abstract

Complement is a central part of the immune system that has developed as a first defense against non-self cells. Neoplastic transformation is accompanied by an increased capacity of the malignant cells to activate complement. In fact, clinical data demonstrate complement activation in cancer patients. On the basis of the use of protective mechanisms by malignant cells, complement activation has traditionally been considered part of the body’s immunosurveillance against cancer. Inhibitory mechanisms of complement activation allow cancer cells to escape from complement-mediated elimination and hamper the clinical efficacy of monoclonal antibody–based cancer immunotherapies. To overcome this limitation, many strategies have been developed with the goal of improving complement-mediated effector mechanisms. However, significant work in recent years has identified new and surprising roles for complement activation within the tumor microenvironment. Recent reports suggest that complement elements can promote tumor growth in the context of chronic inflammation. This chapter reviews the data describing the role of complement activation in cancer immunity, which offers insights that may aid the development of more effective therapeutic approaches to control cancer.

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Acknowledgments

Work in our laboratories is funded by the UTE project CIMA, Instituto de Salud Carlos III: Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Cáncer (RD12/0036/0040), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (PI1100618), and National Institutes of Health grant AI068730. L.C. is supported by a postdoctoral fellowship from Fundación Ramón Areces. We thank Dr. Deborah McClellan for editorial assistance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Oncology Division (CIMA), and Department of Biochemistry and Genetics (School of Science), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain

    Ruben Pio

  2. Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA

    Leticia Corrales

  3. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    John D. Lambris

Authors
  1. Ruben Pio
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  2. Leticia Corrales
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  3. John D. Lambris
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to John D. Lambris .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

    Constantinos Koumenis

  2. Cancer Research, Gray Institute for Radiation Oncology, Oxford, United Kingdom

    Ester Hammond

  3. Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA

    Amato Giaccia

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Pio, R., Corrales, L., Lambris, J.D. (2014). The Role of Complement in Tumor Growth. In: Koumenis, C., Hammond, E., Giaccia, A. (eds) Tumor Microenvironment and Cellular Stress. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 772. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5915-6_11

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