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Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cells, Automotive Applications

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Abstract

Since the discovery of fuel cells in the nineteenth century, they have been designed for operation with liquid alkaline, acid, and solid oxide ion conducting electrolytes in different temperature ranges to produce electrical power for stationary, portable, and automotive applications. The liquid acid that provides ionic conduction has been replaced by fairly thin proton conducting membranes such as polystyrenes and perfluorosulfonic acids (PFSAs) like Nafion and more recently with hydrocarbon-based polymers. These fuel cells incorporating a proton-conducting membrane rather than liquid electrolyte to separate the anode and cathode (forming a 3-layer sandwich or catalyst coated membrane) are referred to as PEMFCs. PEMFCs are preferred for use in automotives for a multitude of reasons including their high volumetric and gravimetric power density.

This chapter was originally published as part of the Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology edited by Robert A. Meyers. DOI:10.1007/978-1-4419-0851-3

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Abbreviations

Automotive PEMFC:

Proton exchange membrane fuel cell stacks used to power automotive vehicles typically using hydrogen as a fuel and ambient air as the oxidant.

Electrocatalyst:

The material used on the anode and cathode electrodes of fuel cells to catalyze the fuel oxidation and oxygen reduction reactions to produce electrical power and by-products of heat and water. Amount of electrocatalyst used in the anode or cathode of fuel cells is reported in units of mg/cm2.

Membrane/PEM:

The proton conductive polymer electrolyte used to separate the anode and cathode compartments of fuel cells. The membrane replaces the liquid electrolytes used in some fuel cells.

Fuel cell performance:

The voltage produced by a fuel cell stack at a defined current density. A performance or polarization curve refers to a plot of the cell potential (V) versus current density (I) under specified conditions of pressure, temperature, humidity, and reactant stoichiometry.

Fuel cell durability:

A measure of the degradation of components of a fuel cell as well as the output power of the entire stack over time. Also defined in terms of the maximum life of the stack before failure or degradation rate of the fuel cell performance in μV/h.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Hydrogen Technologies and Systems Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA

    Shyam S. Kocha

  2. Fuel Cell Laboratory, Nissan Technical Center North America, Farmington Hills, MI, USA

    Shyam S. Kocha

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  1. Shyam S. Kocha
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Correspondence to Shyam S. Kocha .

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  1. Festkörperforschung, Max-Planck-Institut für, Heisenbergstr. 1, Stuttgart, 70569, Germany

    Klaus-Dieter Kreuer

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Kocha, S.S. (2013). Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cells, Automotive Applications. In: Kreuer, KD. (eds) Fuel Cells. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5785-5_15

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5785-5_15

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