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Particle Acceleration in Astrophysical Media

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Cosmic Electrodynamics

Part of the book series: Astrophysics and Space Science Library ((ASSL,volume 388))

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Abstract

In the laboratory, the particles with high to very high energy (\(\mathcal{E}\gg m{c}^{2}\)) are obtained by means of extremely sophisticated devices. One of many examples is large Hadron collider (LHC) recently commissioned in Europe. These specially designed accelerating devices are needed because high-energy particles lose their energy very quickly due to interaction with matter and external fields and, thus, become thermally assimilated by the medium.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    We note that in a purely electron–proton plasma the momentum conservation would imply a very small proton flow velocity \(\boldsymbol{v}_{p} = -(m_{e}/m_{p})\boldsymbol{v}_{e}\).

  2. 2.

    More realistic models, e.g., accounting the Coulomb collisions in the trap, are considered by Giuliani et al. (2005), Bogachev and Somov (2009) and Grady and Neukirch (2009).

  3. 3.

    In the end of this section we consider the case of helical turbulence where \(\langle \boldsymbol{\mathcal{F}}_{e }\rangle \neq {\prime }\).

  4. 4.

    Recall, Sect. 2.5, most of active stars have a stellar wind with \(u_{1} \approx (2\mbox{ \textendash }3) \times 1{0}^{8}\) cm/s, r 0 ≈ 3–10 pc \(\approx 1{0}^{19} - 3 \times 1{0}^{20}\) cm. The solar wind has much more modest parameters: \(u_{1} \approx 4 \times 1{0}^{7}\) cm/s, r 0 ≈ 90 au  ≈ 1. 4 ×1015 cm, see Sect. 2.5.1.

  5. 5.

    We note here that the relative velocity of two bodies can exceed the speed of light c in some inertial reference frame.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Solar-Terrestrial Research New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, USA

    Gregory D. Fleishman

  2. Department of Theoretical Physics, St. Petersburg State Polytechnical University, St. Petersburg, Russia

    Igor N. Toptygin

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  1. Gregory D. Fleishman
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Fleishman, G.D., Toptygin, I.N. (2013). Particle Acceleration in Astrophysical Media. In: Cosmic Electrodynamics. Astrophysics and Space Science Library, vol 388. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5782-4_11

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