Abstract
The continuous increase in energy and simultaneous decrease in IT hardware prices are among the chief reasons for the data center industry to pay attention to energy efficiency as a top priority. Since nearly 50 % of the power provided to a data center may go to the cooling infrastructure, it is imperative to develop high performance and reliable, yet cost-effective, cooling solutions. Moreover, it is probable that tighter government regulations will force the data center industry to improve the energy efficiency of their operations. In addition to well-established air cooling methods, several other cooling methods are already in use, about which preliminary reports and research papers have been published and include evaluation of their performance and comparison with traditional air cooling systems. While this chapter focuses primarily on existing cooling methods, coverage of emerging cooling technologies and trends for energy efficient thermal management for data centers is discussed in Chap. 9.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
M.K. Patterson, D. Fenwick, The state of data center cooling. Intel Corporation white paper (2008)
R. Miller, Iceotope: a new take on liquid cooling, Data Center Knowledge, Nov 2009
S. O’Donnell, IBM claim that water cooled servers are the future of IT at scale, the Hot Aisle, Jun 3 (2009)
R. Mandel, S.V. Dessiatoun, M.M. Ohadi, Analysis of Choice of Working Fluid for Energy Efficient Cooling of High Flux Electronics, Progress Report, Electronics cooling consortium, CALCE/S2Ts lab, Dec 2011
Allied-Control, immersion-cooling, http://www.allied-control.com/immersion-cooling. Accessed 25 Aug 2013
D. Harris, Intel immerses its servers in oil—and they like it, http://gigaom.com/cloud/intel-immerses-its-servers-in-oil-and-they-like-it. Accessed 31 Aug 2012
Green Revolution Cooling, Reduce data center cooling costs by up to 95 %, http://www.grcooling.com/0. Accessed 25 Aug 2013
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Heat and Cooling, Energy Star Program, Jan 2008
R. L. Mitchell, Case study: wells fargo’s free data center cooling system, Computer World, Nov 2007
International Business Machines (IBM), IBM measurement and management technologies (MMT) data center thermal analysis, IBM Systems Lab Services and Training Solutions Brief, Jun 2011
International Business Machines (IBM), IBM collaborates with toyota motor sales, U.S.A. Inc. and Southern California Edison to Create Green Data Center, Press Release, Oct 2009
J. Fulton, Control of server inlet temperatures in datacenters—a long overdue strategy, AFCO Systems white paper, May, 2007, http://www.ebookxp.com/e8cd6ce619/Control+of+Server+Inlet+Temperatures+in+Data+Centers.html. Accessed 20 May 2010
D. Atwood, J. G. Miner, Reducing data center cost with an air economizer, IT@Intel Brief; Computer Manufacturing; Energy Efficiency; Intel Information Technology, Aug 2008
R. Miller, Google’s chiller-less data center, Data Center Knowledge, Jul 2009
R. Miller, Microsoft’s chiller-less data center, Data Center Knowledge, Sep 2009
The Economist, Technology Quarterly: Q4 2008, How green is your network? (2008), http://www.economist.com/node/12673321. Accessed 10 Oct 2013
D. Pickut, Free cooling: economizers in data centers, Equinix, Inc., Interop presentation, Slideshare, Mar 2008
V. Sorell, OA economizers for data centers. ASHRAE J. 49(12), 32–37 (2007)
D. Beaty, R. Schmidt, Data center energy efficiency. ASHRAE–Save Energy Now Presentation Series, Jun 2011
Climate and Temperature Information, http://www.climatetemp.info. Accessed 26 Dec 2009
American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) Technical committee (TC) 9.9, 2008 ASHRAE environmental guidelines for datacom equipment. (Atlanta, 2008)
Telcordia, Generic requirements GR-63-CORE, network equipment-building system (NEBS) requirements: physical protection. (Piscataway, 2006)
Telcordia, Generic requirements GR-3028-CORE, thermal management in telecommunications central offices. (Piscataway, 2001)
P. Bertoldi, The European Programme for Energy Efficiency in Data Centres: the Code of Conduct, European Commission DG JRC Institute for Energy document. (2011)
Cisco, Cisco 3600 series—modular, high-density access routers, Mar 2002
A. Shehabi1, S. Ganguly, K. Traber, H. Price, A. Horvath1, W.W. Nazaroff, A.J. Gadgil, Energy implications of economizer use in California data centers, ACEEE Conference Proceedings, Monterey, CA, Sep 2008
ABB Inc., The hidden cost of free cooling and what you can do, White Paper, http://search.abb.com/library/Download.aspx?DocumentID=3BUS095684&LanguageCode=en&DocumentPartId=&Action=Launch. Accessed 2 July 2013
Datacenterdynamics, Free cooling guide, Apr 30 2010
T. Homorodi, J. Fitch, Fresh Air Cooling Research, Dell Techcenter, Jul 2010
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Dai, J., Ohadi, M.M., Das, D., Pecht, M.G. (2014). Principal Cooling Methods. In: Optimum Cooling of Data Centers. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5602-5_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5602-5_4
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-5601-8
Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-5602-5
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)