Abstract
By 1970, there were 273 urbanized areas actively engaged in continuing urban transportation planning (Fig. 8.1). By then, however, the urban transportation planning process had been receiving criticism on a number of issues. It was criticized for inadequate treatment of the social and environmental impacts of transportation facilities and services. The planning process had still not become multimodal and was not adequately evaluating a wide range of alternatives. Planning was focused almost exclusively on long-range time horizons, ignoring more immediate problems. And the technical procedures to carry out planning were criticized for being too cumbersome, time-consuming, and rigid to adapt to new issues quickly. There was also concern expressed about their theoretical validity.
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Weiner, E. (2013). Beginnings of Multimodal Urban Transportation Planning. In: Urban Transportation Planning in the United States. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5407-6_8
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