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Alveolar Macrophages

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Mucosal Immunology of Acute Bacterial Pneumonia

Abstract

Alveolar macrophages (AM) are sentinels of the immune response to bacteria in the lung. AM development in the lung results in a unique differentiation program which distinguishes AM from other tissue macrophages and equips them to subserve their primary physiological roles in pulmonary homeostasis. The response to bacteria requires an adaption of function to ensure that host defense is achieved while limiting unwanted inflammatory responses in the airspace. AM utilize a range of receptors to phagocytose bacteria but their intracellular killing capacity is finite. With larger inocula of infection AM play critical roles in regulating the inflammatory response. Signal transduction via diverse pattern recognition receptors allows AM to coordinate the immune response of a range of different cell types and to contribute to the cytokine network during infection. A key feature of the optimal AM response to bacterial infection is that the inflammatory response is kept at the minimum required to successfully control infection. When the inflammatory response is upregulated, it is tightly controlled and promptly downsized to minimize tissue damage and prevent compromise to gas exchange in the alveolar space. Bacteria in turn subvert these responses to try and establish their own ecological niche, which can as a consequence result in pneumonia or its complications.

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  1. Department of Infection and Immunity, The University of Sheffield Medical School and Sheffield Teaching Hospitals, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK

    David H. Dockrell, Paul J. Collini & Helen M. Marriott

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  1. Columbia University, New York, 10032, USA

    Alice Prince

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Dockrell, D.H., Collini, P.J., Marriott, H.M. (2013). Alveolar Macrophages. In: Prince, A. (eds) Mucosal Immunology of Acute Bacterial Pneumonia. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5326-0_1

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