Skip to main content

E-Government and E-Activism

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Facebook Nation
  • 4975 Accesses

Abstract

“We are the nation that put cars in driveways and computers in offices; the nation of Edison and the Wright brothers; of Google and Facebook.” In 2008, Barack Obama ushered in a new Internet era in politics. With over 13 million addresses in his e-mail list, 400,000 blog posts, 130,000 Twitter followers, and 5 million supporters on Facebook, Obama successfully raised half a billion dollars online for his 2008 presidential campaign.

We are the nation that put cars in driveways and computers in offices; the nation of Edison and the Wright brothers; of Google and Facebook.

—President Barack Obama

(2011 State of the Union Address)

In the face of everything else that’s screwed up in Washington, we the American people can fix things.

—Reddit co-founder Alexis Ohanian (May 2012)

If there is an Internet connection, my camera is more powerful [than my AK-47].

—Syrian dissident Abu Ghassan (June 2012)

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 74.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 99.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Allen, Erika Tyner. (Retrieved April 10, 2012). The Kennedy-Nixon Presidential Debates, 1960. The Museum of Broadcast Communications. http://www.museum.tv/eotvsection.php?entrycode=kennedy-nixon

  2. Vargas, Jose Antonio. (November 20, 2008). Obama Raised Half a Billion Online. The Washington Post. http://voices.washingtonpost.com/44/2008/11/20/obama_raised_half_a_billion_on.html

  3. Vargas, Jose Antonio. (August 20, 2008). Obama’s Wide Web: From YouTube to Text Messaging, Candidate’s Team Connects to Voters. The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/story/2008/08/19/ST2008081903613.html

  4. McGirt, Ellen. (April 1, 2009). How Chris Hughes Helped Launch Facebook and the Barack Obama Campaign. Fast Company. http://www.fastcompany.com/magazine/134/boy-wonder.html

  5. Schiffman, Betsy. (November 7, 2008). The Reason for the Obama Victory: It’s the Internet, Stupid. Wired. http://www.wired.com/epicenter/2008/11/the-obama-victo/

  6. Obama, Barack. (November 5, 2008). @BarackObama. Twitter. http://twitter.com/#!/barackobama/statuses/992176676

  7. Weiner, Rachel. (December 7, 2008). Change.Gov Launched. The Huffington Post. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2008/11/06/changegov-launched_n_141822.html

  8. The Office of the President-Elect. (November 2008). change.gov. Open Government. http://change.gov/content/home

  9. Lothian, Dan; Brittain, Becky. (January 30, 2012). Obama hosts Google ‘hangout.’ CNN. http://www.cnn.com/2012/01/30/politics/obama-google/index.html

  10. The White House. (Retrieved April 9, 2012). The White House. http://www.whitehouse.gov

  11. United States Department of Justice. (Retrieved April 9, 2012). FOIA. FOIA.gov http://www.foia.gov/

  12. FOIA Update. Vol. XVII, No. 4. (Fall 1996). The Freedom of Information Act 5 U.S.C. § 552, As Amended By Public Law No. 104−231, 110 Stat. 3048. FOIA Update. Vol. XVII, No. 4. http://www.justice.gov/oip/foia_updates/Vol_XVII_4/page2.htm

  13. FOIA Update. Vol. XVII, No. 4. (Fall 1996). Congress Enacts FOIA Amendments. http://www.justice.gov/oip/foia_updates/Vol_XVII_4/page1.htm

  14. United States Senate. (Retrieved April 10, 2012). E-Government Act of 2002. National Archives. http://www.archives.gov/about/laws/egov-act-section-207.html

  15. Data.gov. (Retrieved March 23, 2012). About data.gov. http://www.data.gov/about

  16. McCormack, Dermont; Aspatore Books Staff. (June 15, 2002). Web 2.0: 2003-’08 AC (After Crash): The Resurgence of the Internet & E-Commerce. Aspatore Books.

    Google Scholar 

  17. O’Reilly, Tim. (September 30, 2005). What Is Web 2.0. Design Patterns and Business Models for the Next Generation of Software. O’Reilly. http://oreilly.com/web2/archive/what-is-web-20.html

  18. Obama, Barack. (January 25, 2011). 2011 State of the Union Address. PBS. http://www.pbs.org/newshour/interactive/speeches/4/2011-state-union-address/

  19. Sabochik, Katelyn. (September 22, 2011). Petition the White House with We the People. The White House. http://www.whitehouse.gov/blog/2011/09/22/petition-white-house-we-people

  20. Ferenstein, Gregory. (October 24, 2011). Inspired By “Facebook Nation,” Obama’s Chief Disruptor Brings Startup Culture To The Gov’t. Fast Company. http://www.fastcompany.com/1790016/steven-vanroekel-cio

  21. Ferenstein, Gregory. (June 14, 2012). Obama’s chief tech officer: Let’s unleash ingenuity of the public. CNN. http://www.cnn.com/2012/06/14/tech/web/white-house-tech-officer/index.html

  22. The White House. (Retrieved June 14, 2012). Presidential Innovation Fellows: Open Data Initiatives. WhiteHouse.gov. http://www.whitehouse.gov/innovationfellows/opendata

  23. Kuhn, Eric. (January 3, 2010). Mayor digs in after Twitter appeal. CNN. http://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2010/01/03/mayor-digs-in-after-twitter-appeal/

  24. SeeClickFix. (Retrieved April 10, 2012). SeeClickFix. http://www.seeclickfix.com/

  25. The Mayor’s Office of New Urban Mechanics in Boston. (Retrieved April 10, 2012). Street Bump. http://streetbump.org/

  26. Sutter, John D. (December 29, 2009). Cities embrace mobile apps, ‘Gov 2.0’. CNN. http://www.cnn.com/2009/TECH/12/28/government.web.apps/index.html

  27. Greenberg, Andy. (May 25, 2012). Reddit’s Alexis Ohanian And Activists Aim To Build A ‘Bat-Signal For The Internet’. Forbes. http://www.forbes.com/sites/andygreenberg/2012/05/25/reddit-founder-and-activists-aim-to-build-a-bat-signal-for-the-internet/

  28. ecofindeRRR. (Retrieved April 10, 2012). EcoFinder for iPhone. http://ecofinderapp.com/

  29. Are You Safe. (Retrieved April 10, 2012). Are You Safe. http://areyousafeatlanta.com/

  30. DiscoverBPS. (Retrieved April 28, 2012). DiscoverBPS. http://discoverbps.org/

  31. Adopt a Hydrant. (Retrieved April 28, 2012). Adopt a Hydrant. http://adoptahydrant.org/

  32. Pahlka, Jennifer. (March 25, 2012). To fix government, call in the geeks. CNN. http://www.cnn.com/2012/03/25/opinion/pahlka-code-government/index.html

  33. Benoit, David. (February 1, 2012). Mark Zuckerberg’s Letter From The Facebook Filing. The Wall Street Journal. http://blogs.wsj.com/deals/2012/02/01/mark-zuckerbergs-letter-from-the-facebook-filing/

  34. Invisible Children Inc. (March 5, 2012). KONY 2012. YouTube. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y4MnpzG5Sqc

  35. Fantz, Ashley. (March 7, 2012). ‘Stop Kony’ video goes viral, puts spotlight on Ugandan warlord. CNN. http://news.blogs.cnn.com/2012/03/07/viral-video-puts-spotlight-on-ugandan-warlord/

  36. Bell, Emily. (March 8, 2012). Twitter. https://twitter.com/#!/emilybell/status/177736783289794560

  37. Jarvis, Jeff. (March 8, 2012). Twitter. https://twitter.com/#!/jeffjarvis/status/177743392942473217

  38. Goodman, David J.; Preston, Jennifer. (March 9, 2012). How the Kony Video Went Viral. The New York Times. http://thelede.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/03/09/how-the-kony-video-went-viral/

  39. NBC Universal. (March 8, 2012).Hollywood Reacts To ‘Kony 2012’ Video. Access Hollywood. http://www.accesshollywood.com/justin-bieber/kim-kardashian-justin-bieber-and-more-tweet-support-for-kony-2012-movement_article_61715

  40. Nuland, Victoria. (March 8, 2012). Daily Press Briefing. Washing, DC. March 8, 2012. U.S. Department of State. http://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/dpb/2012/03/185423.htm

  41. Kron, Josh; Goodman, David J. (March 8, 2012). Online, a Distant Conflict Soars to Topic No. 1. The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/09/world/africa/online-joseph-kony-and-a-ugandan-conflict-soar-to-topic-no-1.html

  42. Orden, Erica; Steel, Emily. (March 9, 2012). How ‘Kony’ Clip Caught Fire Online. The Wall Street Journal. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970204781804577271692294533870.html

  43. Keen, Andrew. (March 14, 2012). Opinion: After Kony, should kids decide our morals? CNN. http://www.cnn.com/2012/03/14/opinion/keen-kony-2012/index.html

  44. Ingram, Matthew. (March 12, 2012). Kony2012: New Media Success Story or Cautionary Tale? Bloomberg Businessweek. http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2012-03-12/tc-gigaom-0312-kony2012-new-media-success-story-or-cautionary-tale/

  45. Roth, Richard. (April 18, 2012). Wives of U.N. diplomats tell Syria’s first lady to ‘stop being a bystander’. CNN. http://www.cnn.com/2012/04/18/world/meast/syria-un-wives/index.html

  46. Women of the World. (April 16, 2012). International Letter & Petition to Asma al-Assad. YouTube. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SzUViTShIAo

  47. Kekeh, Nicole. (April 18, 2012). After Kony 2012, Now Asma 2012? Forbes. http://www.forbes.com/sites/worldviews/2012/04/18/after-kony-2012-now-asma-2012/

  48. Associated Press. (April 17, 2012). Ambassadors’ wives urge Syrian president’s wife to ‘stop your husband,’ lobby for peace. The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/ambassadors-wives-urge-syrian-presidents-wife-to-stop-your-husband-lobby-for-peace/2012/04/17/gIQAvSbEOT_story.html

  49. Women of the World. (April 18, 2012). Asma Al-Assad: Call for peace in Syria. Change.org. http://www.change.org/petitions/asma-al-assad-call-for-peace-in-syria

  50. PC Magazine editors. (Retrieved April 17, 2012). SOPA/PIPA Blackout Day. PC Magazine. http://www.pcmag.com/slideshow_viewer/0,3253,l%253D292984%2526a%253D292997%2526po%253D1,00.asp

  51. Senate Judiciary Committee. (May 26, 2011). To prevent online threats to economic creativity and theft of intellectual property, and for other purposes. U.S. Government Printing Office (GPO). http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/BILLS-112s968rs and http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/BILLS-112s968rs/pdf/BILLS-112s968rs.pdf

  52. Wyden, Ron. (May 26, 2011). Wyden Places Hold on Protect IP Act. Overreaching Legislation Still Poses a Significant Threat to Internet Commerce, Innovation and Free Speech. U.S. Senate. http://wyden.senate.gov/newsroom/press/release/?id=33a39533-1b25-437b-ad1d-9039b44cde92

  53. 55 Venture Capitalists. (June 23, 2011). Letter to U.S. Congress in Opposition of Legislation. Net-VCLetterRePIPA. https://docs.google.com/document/d/14CkX3zDyAxShrqUqEkewtUCjvvFdciIbKjC18_eUHkg/edit?hl=en_US&authkey=CNHr3I4L&pli=1

  54. U.S. Chamber of Commerce. (September 22, 2011). Letter to Congress in Support of Legislation. U.S. Chamber of Commerce Global Intellectual Property Center. http://www.theglobalipcenter.com/sites/default/files/pressreleases/letter-359.pdf

  55. Kang, Cecilia. (October 26, 2011). House introduces Internet piracy bill. The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-tech/post/house-introduces-internet-piracy-bill/2011/10/26/gIQA0f5xJM_blog.html

  56. House Judiciary Committee. (October 26, 2011). H.R. 3261 - Stop Online Piracy Act. U.S. House of Representatives. http://judiciary.house.gov/hearings/pdf/112%20HR%203261.pdf

  57. Sohn, Gigi B. (October 26, 2011). Public Knowledge Sees Dangers In New Intellectual Property Bill. Public Knowledge. http://www.publicknowledge.org/public-knowledge-sees-dangers-new-intellectual-pro

  58. Doctorow, Cory. (November 16, 2011). Internet giants place full-page anti-SOPA ad in NYT. BoingBoing. http://boingboing.net/2011/11/16/internet-giants-place-full-pag.html

  59. McCullagh, Declan. (December 15, 2011). Vint Cerf: SOPA means ‘unprecedented censorship’ of the Web. CNet. http://news.cnet.com/8301-31921_3-57344028-281/vint-cerf-sopa-means-unprecedented-censorship-of-the-web/

  60. Statement of Christine N. Jones. (April 6, 2011). Hearing on “Promoting Investment and Protecting Commerce Online: Legitimate Sites v. Parasites, Part II”. U.S. House of Representatives. Committee on the Judiciary. http://judiciary.house.gov/hearings/pdf/Jones04062011.pdf

  61. Wales, Jimmy. (December 23, 2011). @jimmy_wales. Twitter. https://twitter.com/#!/jimmy_wales/status/150287579642740736

  62. Kumparak, Greg. (December 22, 2011). Cheezburger’s Ben Huh: If GoDaddy Supports SOPA, We’re Taking Our 1000+ Domains Elsewhere. TechCrunch. http://techcrunch.com/2011/12/22/cheezburgers-ben-huh-if-godaddy-supports-sopa-were-taking-our-1000-domains-elsewhere/

  63. Weinstein, Natalie. (December 24, 2011). 21,000 domains transfer out of Go Daddy in 1 day. CNet. http://news.cnet.com/8301-1023_3-57348183-93/21000-domains-transfer-out-of-go-daddy-in-1-day/

  64. McCullagh, Declan. (December 29, 2011). GoDaddy bows to boycott, now ‘opposes’ SOPA copyright bill. CNet. http://news.cnet.com/8301-31921_3-57349913-281/godaddy-bows-to-boycott-now-opposes-sopa-copyright-bill/

  65. Go Daddy. (December 23, 2011). Go Daddy No Longer Supports SOPA. Go Daddy News Releases. http://www.godaddy.com/newscenter/release-view.aspx?news_item_id=378

  66. Dodd, Chris. (January 17, 2012). A statement by Senator Chris Dodd, Chairman and CEO of the Motion Picture Association of America, Inc. (MPAA) on the so-called “Blackout Day” protesting anti-piracy legislation. http://www.mpaa.org/resources/c4c3712a-7b9f-4be8-bd70-25527d5dfad8.pdf

  67. Fight For The Future 2012. (Retrieved April 17, 2012). http://sopastrike.com/numbers/

  68. Drummond, David. (January 18, 2012). Don’t censor the web. Google Public Policy Blog. http://googlepublicpolicy.blogspot.com/2012/01/dont-censor-web.html

  69. Yu, Roger. (January 20, 2012). Congress shelves anti-piracy bills. USA Today. http://www.usatoday.com/tech/news/story/2012-01-20/anti-piracy-bills-halted/52698192/1

  70. Taylor, Colleen. (February 2, 2012). How Marc Andreessen makes Silicon Valley magic. Gigaom. http://gigaom.com/2012/02/02/marc-andreessen-horowitz-silicon-valley-startups/

  71. Katz, Ian. (April 15, 2012). Web freedom faces greatest threat ever, warns Google’s Sergey Brin. The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2012/apr/15/web-freedom-threat-google-brin

  72. Google. (Retrieved May 25, 2012). Google Removal Requests. http://www.google.com/transparencyreport/removals/copyright/

  73. Goldman, David. (May 24,2012). Google kills 250,000 search links a week. CNN Money. http://money.cnn.com/2012/05/24/technology/google-search-copyright/index.htm

  74. Google. (Retrieved May 27, 2012). Copyright Infringement Notification. YouTube. http://www.youtube.com/t/dmca_policy

  75. Gross, Doug. (March 12, 2012). Gore, Parker urge Web to ‘Occupy Democracy’. CNN. http://www.cnn.com/2012/03/12/tech/web/gore-parker-sxsw/index.html

  76. OpenCongress. (January 24, 2012). Protect IP Act Senate whip count. The OpenCongress Wiki. http://www.opencongress.org/wiki/Protect_IP_Act_Senate_whip_count

  77. Leahy, Patrick. (January 20, 2012). Comment Of Senator Patrick Leahy On Postponement Of The Vote On Cloture On The Motion To Proceed To The PROTECT IP Act. U.S. Senate Press Releases. http://www.leahy.senate.gov/press/press_releases/release/?id=467fb8f0-828d-403c-9b7b-8bf42d583c3e

  78. Sherman, Cary H. (February 7, 2012). What Wikipedia Won’t Tell You. The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/08/opinion/what-wikipedia-wont-tell-you.html

  79. U.S. Petitioners. (December 18, 2011). VETO the SOPA bill and any other future bills that threaten to diminish the free flow of information. We the People. Your Voice in Our Government. https://wwws.whitehouse.gov/petition-tool/petition/veto-sopa-bill-and-any-other-future-bills-threaten-diminish-free-flow-information/g3W1BscR

  80. Espinel, Victoria; Chopra, Aneesh; Schmidt, Howard. (Retrieved April 17, 2012).Combating Online Piracy while Protecting an Open and Innovative Internet. We the People. Your Voice in Our Government. https://wwws.whitehouse.gov/petition-tool/response/combating-online-piracy-while-protecting-open-and-innovative-internet

  81. DesMarais, Christina. (January 21, 2012). SOPA, PIPA Stalled: Meet the OPEN Act. PCWorld. http://www.pcworld.com/article/248525/sopa_pipa_stalled_meet_the_open_act.html

  82. Keeptheweb#OPEN (December 13, 2011). Big Web Companies OPEN Endorsement Letter. Keeptheweb#OPEN. http://keepthewebopen.com/assets/pdfs/12-13-11%20Big%20Web%20Companies%20OPEN%20Endorsement%20Letter.pdf

  83. Greenberg, Andy. (May 25, 2012). Reddit’s Alexis Ohanian And Activists Aim To Build A ‘Bat-Signal For The Internet’. Forbes. http://www.forbes.com/sites/andygreenberg/2012/05/25/reddit-founder-and-activists-aim-to-build-a-bat-signal-for-the-internet/

  84. Greenberg, Andy. (May 7, 2012). Reddit Founder Says He Won’t Buy Facebook’s Stock Due To Its CISPA Support. Forbes. http://www.forbes.com/sites/andygreenberg/2012/05/07/reddit-founder-says-he-wont-buy-facebooks-stock-due-to-its-cispa-support/

  85. Sandoval, Greg. (March 14, 2012). RIAA chief: ISPs to start policing copyright by July 1. CNet. http://news.cnet.com/8301-31001_3-57397452-261/riaa-chief-isps-to-start-policing-copyright-by-july-1/

  86. Facebook. (February 4, 2004). About Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/facebook/info

  87. Facebook. (Retrieved May 2, 2012). Peace on Facebook. Facebook. https://peace.facebook.com/

  88. Time Warner Inc. (September 19, 2011). Facebook and Time Warner Inc. Launch Stop Bullying: Speak Up App. Time Warner Press Releases. http://www.timewarner.com/newsroom/press-releases/2011/09/Facebook_and_Time_Warner_Inc_Launch_Stop_Bullying_Speak_Up_App_09-19-2011.php

  89. Chang, Jonathan. (November 4, 2010). How voters turned out on Facebook. Facebook Data Team. http://www.facebook.com/notes/facebook-data-team/how-voters-turned-out-on-facebook/451788333858

  90. AMBER Alert. (December 30, 2009). About AMBER Alert on Facebook. Facebook. http://www.facebook.com/AMBERalert/info

  91. Almasy, Steve. (May 1, 2012). Facebook encouraging organ donations. CNN. http://www.cnn.com/2012/05/01/health/facebook-organ-donors/index.html

  92. Causes. (Retrieved April 20, 2012). About Causes. Causes. http://www.causes.com/about

  93. Votizen. (Retrieved April 20, 2012). Votizen. https://www.votizen.com/

  94. Dickinson, Boonsri. (April 9, 2012). Votizen Wants To Use Social Networks To Revolutionize Politics. Business Insider. http://articles.businessinsider.com/2012-04-09/tech/31311939_1_politics-social-networks-users

  95. MoveOn.org. (Retrieved April 20, 2012). About the MoveOn Family of Organizations. MoveOn.org. http://www.moveon.org/about.html

  96. McCarthy, Caroline. (November 20, 2007). MoveOn.org takes on Facebook’s ‘Beacon’ ads. CNet. http://news.cnet.com/8301-13577_3-9821170-36.html

  97. Healey, Jon. (March 13, 2012). Al Gore, Sean Parker call for ‘Occupy Democracy’ movement online. Los Angeles Times. http://opinion.latimes.com/opinionla/2012/03/al-gore-and-sean-parker-do-sxsw.html

  98. #OccupyDemocracy. (Retrieved April 20, 2012). http://occupydemocracy.org/

  99. The American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise. (Retrieved April 20, 2012). The Arab-Israeli Conflict: Total Casualties (1920−2012). Jewish Virtual Library. http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/casualtiestotal.html

  100. Strategic Foresight Group. (January 2009). Cost of Conflict in the Middle East. Strategic Foresight Group Report Excerpts. http://www.strategicforesight.com/Cost%20of%20Conflict%20-%206%20pager.pdf

  101. Mehina, Pushpin. (Retrieved April 20, 2012). Facebook. http://www.facebook.com/pushpin

  102. Said, Samira. (March 20, 2012). Peace-minded Israeli reaches out to everyday Iranians via Facebook. CNN. http://www.cnn.com/2012/03/19/world/meast/israel-iran-social-media/index.html

  103. Khan, Habibullah. (May 19, 2010). ABC News. http://abcnews.go.com/Technology/International/facebook-banned-pakistan-prophet-muhammad-sketch-competition/story?id=10688625

  104. Staff Report. (September 19, 2011). Facebook to be blocked. Pakistan Today. http://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2011/09/19/uncategorized/facebook-to-be-blocked/

  105. Chou, Dorothy. (June 17, 2012).More transparency into government requests. Google Official Blog. http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2012/06/more-transparency-into-government.html#!/2012/06/more-transparency-into-government.html

  106. Google. (Retrieved June 28, 2012). Google Transparency Report. July to December 2011. http://www.google.com/transparencyreport/removals/government/

  107. Kessel, Jeremy. (July 2, 2012). Twitter Transparency Report. Twitter Blog. http://blog.twitter.com/2012/07/twitter-transparency-report.html

  108. Foley, Kathryn. (July 7, 2009). China Bans Access to Facebook and Twitter Due to Riots. Yahoo! http://voices.yahoo.com/china-bans-access-facebook-twitter-due-riots-3755708.html

  109. Milchman, Eli. (June 15, 2006). Yahoo ‘Strictest’ Censor in China. Wired. http://www.wired.com/politics/onlinerights/news/2006/06/71166

  110. Helft, Miguel; Barboza, David. (March 22, 2010). Google Shuts China Site in Dispute Over Censorship. The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/23/technology/23google.html

  111. Drummond, David. (March 22, 2010). A new approach to China: an update. Google Official Blog. http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2010/03/new-approach-to-china-update.html

  112. Fletcher, Owen. (May 19, 2011). Baidu Accused of Aiding Chinese Censorship in U.S. Suit. The Wall Street Journal. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748703482104576332073063272688.html

  113. Cao, Belinda; Lazaroff, Leon. (April 2, 2012). Sina Drops to 5-Week Low After Suspending Weibo Commentary. Bloomberg Businessweek. http://www.businessweek.com/news/2012-04-02/sina-tumbles-to-5-week-low-after-suspending-weibo-user-comments

  114. Henochowicz, Anne. (February 29, 2012). Big Brother Gets Tough on Weibo, Sina Balks. China Digital News. http://chinadigitaltimes.net/2012/02/big-brother-gets-tough-on-weibo-sina-balks/

  115. Branigan, Tania. (March 22, 2012). China’s microbloggers turn to Teletubbies to discuss politics. The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2012/mar/22/china-microbloggers-teletubbies

  116. Weiwei, Ai (April 15, 2012). China’s censorship can never defeat the internet. The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/libertycentral/2012/apr/16/china-censorship-internet-freedom

  117. Alexander, Anne. (February 9, 2011). Internet role in Egypt’s protests. BBC. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-12400319

  118. Fathi, Yasmine. (January 27, 2011). In Egypt, nationwide protests planned for January 28. Ahram Online. http://english.ahram.org.eg/News/4953.aspx

  119. Cowie, James. (January 27, 2011). Egypt Leaves the Internet. Renesys Blog. http://www.renesys.com/blog/2011/01/egypt-leaves-the-internet.shtml

  120. AFP. (January 31, 2011). Google unveils Web-free ‘tweeting’ in Egypt move. Google. http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5h8de3cQ8o_S2zg9s72t7sxNToBqA?docId=CNG.ddc0305146893ec9e9e6796d743e6af7.c81

  121. Hennessy-Fiske, Molly; Hassan, Amro. (May 29, 2011). Mubarak, other former Egypt officials fined $91 million for blocking cellphones, Internet. Los Angeles Times. http://articles.latimes.com/2011/may/29/world/la-fg-egypt-mubarak-fines-20110529

  122. Lendon, Brad. (April 26, 2012). Norwegians sing to annoy mass killer. CNN. http://news.blogs.cnn.com/2012/04/26/norwegians-sing-to-annoy-mass-killer/

  123. Solholm, Rolleiv. (April 26, 2012). Mass choir of 40,000 sang in Breivik protest. The Norway Post. http://www.norwaypost.no/news/mass-choir-to-sing-in-breivik-protest-26832.html

  124. Payne, Martha. (Retrieved July 9, 2012). One primary school pupil’s daily dose of school dinners. NeverSeconds. http://neverseconds.blogspot.com.es/

  125. Hough, Andrew; Johnson, Simon. (June 15, 2012). Victory for Martha Payne as Argyll and Bute council backs down on school dinner blog ban. The Telegraph http://www.telegraph.co.uk/education/educationnews/9333975/Victory-for-Martha-Payne-as-Argyll-and-Bute-council-backs-down-on-school-dinner-blog-ban.html

  126. Hough, Andrew; Johnson, Simon. Ibid.

    Google Scholar 

  127. Oslo Freedom Forum. (May 2012). About Manal al-Sharif. Oslo Freedom Forum. http://www.oslofreedomforum.com/speakers/manal-al-sharif.html

  128. Havel Prize. (May 30, 2012). Manal al-Sharif - 2012 Havel Prize Acceptance Speech. YouTube. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xECB8Xyagnk

  129. Newton-Small, Jay. (June 13, 2012). Hillary’s Little Startup: How the U.S. Is Using Technology to Aid Syria’s Rebels. Time Magazine. http://world.time.com/2012/06/13/hillarys-little-startup-how-the-u-s-is-using-technology-to-aid-syrias-rebels/

  130. CNN Editors. (June 14, 2012). Syria’s ‘cyber warriors’ choose cameras over guns. CNN. http://globalpublicsquare.blogs.cnn.com/2012/06/14/syrias-cyber-warriors-choose-cameras-over-guns/

  131. Sherman, Cary H. (February 7, 2012). What Wikipedia Won’t Tell You. The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/08/opinion/what-wikipedia-wont-tell-you.html

  132. Donehue, Wesley. (April 24, 2012). The danger of Twitter, Facebook politics. CNN. http://www.cnn.com/2012/04/24/opinion/donehue-social-media-politics/index.html

  133. Branigan, Tania. (April 15, 2012). China’s censors tested by microbloggers who keep one step ahead of state media. The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2012/apr/16/internet-china-censorship-weibo-microblogs

  134. Andrews, Lori B. (December 31, 2011). The rise of Facebook Nation. Salon. http://www.salon.com/2011/12/31/the_rise_of_facebook_nation/singleton/

  135. Andrews, Lori. (Retrieved April 23, 2012). The Social Network Constitution. http://www.socialnetworkconstitution.com/the-social-network-constitution.html

  136. Moynihan, Colin. (February 6, 2012). Protester’s Lawyer Challenges Twitter Subpoena. The New York Times. http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/02/06/protesters-lawyer-challenges-twitter-subpoena/

  137. Fitzpatrick, Alex. (May 9, 2012). Twitter fights court order for user’s data. CNN. http://www.cnn.com/2012/05/09/tech/social-media/twitter-court-order/index.html

  138. Fine, Aden. (May 8, 2012). Twitter Stands Up For One Of Its Users. American Civil Liberties Union. http://www.aclu.org/blog/technology-and-liberty-national-security-free-speech/breaking-news-twitter-stands-one-its-users

  139. ACLU. (Retrieved May 12, 2012). Hey! Do you use the Internet? American Civil Liberties Union. https://secure.aclu.org/site/SPageServer?pagename=110419_Internet_Privacy

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Newton Lee .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Lee, N. (2013). E-Government and E-Activism. In: Facebook Nation. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5308-6_10

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5308-6_10

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-5307-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-5308-6

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics