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Iron Oxide Nanoparticles and Derivatives for Biomedical Imaging and Application in Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy

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Micro and Nano Flow Systems for Bioanalysis

Part of the book series: Bioanalysis ((BIOANALYSIS,volume 2))

Abstract

Imaging-capable nanoparticulate contrast agents for cancer diagnosis and small RNA-based tumor therapy have been an emerging field in molecular imaging and pharmaceutical sciences. One example of such agents includes magnetic nanoparticles (MN), which have traditionally been utilized as contrast agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging. The probes typically consist of a dextran-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide core (for MRI), labeled with Cy5.5 dye (for near-infrared in vivo optical imaging), coated with targeting-peptides for receptor-mediated uptake by specific cell types and conjugated to synthetic small interfering RNA (siRNA) molecules as therapeutic agents. The potential of these nanoparticles as MRI contrast agents for tumor imaging and delivery modules for small interfering RNA has been investigated. Furthermore, the feasibility of combining the imaging and delivery capabilities of these nanoparticles for the tracking of siRNA bioavailability has been explored. The versatile functionalization potential of MN has allowed controlling properties of the agents, such as uptake mechanism and target organ distribution. The tumoral accumulation of MN-siRNA results in a remarkable level of target-gene down-regulation. Repeated treatment with MN-siRNA targeting the tumor-specific anti-apoptotic gene, birc5, leads to the induction of apoptosis in the tumors and an overall reduction in tumor growth rate. Bioconjugated MNs were also used for biosensing application for several metabolically important compounds and processes. A second generation of nanoparticles, which combine the capability for high-resolution MRI with detection by ultrasensitive surface enhanced Raman scattering has been tested in silico and in vivo. Different types of magnetic nanoparticles have been used for therapy of cancer by Magnetic Fluid Hyperthermia.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA

    Mehmet V. Yigit & Zdravka Medarova

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  1. Mehmet V. Yigit
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  2. Zdravka Medarova
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Correspondence to Zdravka Medarova .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. , School of Engineering & Design, Brunel University, London, UB8 3PH, United Kingdom

    Michael W. Collins

  2. , Brunel Institute for Bioengineering, Brunel University, London, UB8 3PH, United Kingdom

    Carola S. Koenig

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Yigit, M.V., Medarova, Z. (2013). Iron Oxide Nanoparticles and Derivatives for Biomedical Imaging and Application in Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy. In: Collins, M., Koenig, C. (eds) Micro and Nano Flow Systems for Bioanalysis. Bioanalysis, vol 2. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4376-6_1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4376-6_1

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-4375-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-4376-6

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