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Brain Functioning When the Voices Are Silent: Aberrant Default Modes in Auditory Verbal Hallucinations

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The Neuroscience of Hallucinations

Abstract

Almost two decades of functional brain imaging has shown that auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) in schizophrenia correspond with increased brain activity in a wide variety of different brain areas. However, these localized changes in brain activity are likely the end result of a more profound and fundamental aberration in brain dynamics that ultimately leads to the perception of hallucinated voices. AVH could arise from pathological brain states or modes that occur beyond moments of conscious AVH experiences. In other words, could AVH result from intrinsic brain activity at times when the voices are silent? Recent advances in functional brain imaging have shown that intrinsic brain states possess a rich and complex functional architecture that closely resembles brain dynamics observed during many different kinds of cognitive and sensorimotor tasks. Further, intrinsic brain states may prove to be of importance to goal-directed brain activity, and ultimately to our perception and performance, that is, of importance to our behavior. Pioneering studies provide the first indications that intrinsic brain states may play an important role in AVH and other psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia. This chapter describes the main findings and advances in measuring intrinsic brain states in humans in vivo, and discusses how intrinsic brain states can contribute to our understanding of the etiology and experience of AVH in schizophrenia.

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Abbreviations

AVH:

Auditory verbal hallucinations

CA:

Cluster analysis

DMN:

Default mode network

fMRI:

Functional magnetic resonance imaging

ICA:

Independent component analysis

MPFC:

Medial prefrontal cortex

rTMS:

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation

SMA:

Supplementary motor area

PCA:

Principal component analysis

PCC:

Posterior cingulate cortex

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  1. Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 616, Maastricht, 6200 MD, The Netherlands

    Vincent van de Ven

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. University Medical Centre of Lille, Pediatric Psychiatry Department, Fontan Hospital, F-59037, Lille cedex, France

    Renaud Jardri

  2. Sainte-Anne Hospital, Center for Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Université Paris Descartes, 2 ter rue d'Alesia, Paris, F-75014, France

    Arnaud Cachia

  3. University Medical Centre of Lille, Psychiatry Department, Fontan Hospital, rue Verhaeghe, Lille cedex, F-59037, France

    Pierre Thomas

  4. University Medical Centre of Lille, Functional Neurosciences & Disorders Lab, Salengro Hospital, Lille cedex, F-59037, France

    Delphine Pins

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van de Ven, V. (2013). Brain Functioning When the Voices Are Silent: Aberrant Default Modes in Auditory Verbal Hallucinations. In: Jardri, R., Cachia, A., Thomas, P., Pins, D. (eds) The Neuroscience of Hallucinations. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4121-2_21

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