Abstract
This chapter introduces the reader to the work presented in this thesis. It elucidates the motivation of enhancing optical nonlinear processes in passive resonators, provides an overview of the results obtained during this doctorate work and presents the structure of the thesis.
Jedes Wekzeug trägt den Geist in sich, aus dem heraus es geschaffen worden ist. Werner Heisenberg.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
The following historical review is largely based on Walther’s book Was ist Licht? [1].
- 2.
In the second half of the seventeenth century, Newton developed a particle-based model for light. However, his theory lost ground to Huygens’ wave theory, which could explain most of the experiments of that time.
- 3.
During the time of this doctorate work, the scientific community celebrated the 50Â years anniversary of the first experimental demonstration of the laser by Th. H. Maiman in 1960.
- 4.
A detailed description of the mode of operation of the laser would exceed the frame of this section. A textbook introduction is given in Siegman’s book Lasers [2].
- 5.
This can be either satisfied by a single-frequency continuous-wave (CW) laser, or by a laser emitting several frequencies with a fixed phase relationship, which is the case of a mode-locked laser generating pulses. Since CW operation can be regarded as a special case of a mode-locked laser, the following discussion of pulsed EC’s includes the CW case.
- 6.
Note that multiple pulses can be stored in the EC in the same manner, if the cavity roundtrip time is a multiple of the pulse repetition period.
- 7.
The task of coupling out the new frequencies from the cavity strongly depends on the participating wavelengths.
- 8.
A more detailed overview of EC’s for HHG is given in Appendix 7.1.
- 9.
References
T. Walther, H. Walther, Was ist Licht? (C. H. Beck, München, 1999)
A. Siegman, Lasers (University Science Books, Sausalito, 1986)
F. Träger, Springer Handbook of Lasers and Optics (Springer, New York, 2007)
D. Attwood, Soft X-rays and Extreme Ultraviolet Radiation (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1999)
P. Jaegle, Coherent Sources of XUV Radiation (Springer, New York, 2006)
M.J. Weber, Handbook of Laser Wavelengths (CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1999)
A. Ashkin, G.D. Boyd, J.M. Dziedzic, Resonant optical second harmonic generation and mixing. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 2, 109 (1966)
K. Fiedler, S. Schiller, R. Paschotta, P. Kürz, J. Mlynek, Highly efficient frequency-doubling with a doubly resonant monolithic total-internal-reflection ring resonator. Opt. Lett. 18, 1786 (1993)
Z.Y. Ou, H.J. Kimble, Enhanced conversion efficiency for harmonic-generation with double-resonance. Opt. Lett. 18, 1053 (1993)
R. Paschotta, P. Kürz, R. Henking, S. Schiller, J. Mlynek, 82% efficient continuous-wave frequency doubling of 1.06 \(\mu \)m with a monolithic MgO:LiNbO3 resonator. Opt. Lett. 19, 1325 (1994)
V.P. Yanovsky, F.W. Wise, Frequency doubling of 100-fs pulses with 50% efficiency by use of a resonant enhancement cavity. Appl. Phys. Lett. 19, 1952 (1994)
E. Peters, S.A. Diddams, P. Fendel, S. Reinhardt, T.W. Hänsch, T. Udem, A deep-UV optical frequency comb at 205 nm. Opt. Express 17, 9183 (2009)
J. Mes, E.J. van Duijn, R. Zinkstock, S. Witte, W. Hogervorst, Third-harmonic generation of a continuous-wave Ti:Sapphire laser in asternal resonant cavities. Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, 4423 (2003)
B. Couillaud, T.W. Hänsch, S.G. MacLean, High power CW sum-frequency generation near 243 nm using two intersecting enhancement cavities. Opt. Commun. 50, 127 (1984)
M. Theuer, D. Molter, K. Maki, C. Otani, J.A. L’huillier, R. Beigang, Terahertz generation in an actively controlled femtosecond enhancement cavity. Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 041119 (2008)
F. Ilday, F.X. Kärtner, Cavity-enhanced optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification. Opt. Lett. 31, 637 (2006)
C. Gohle, T. Udem, M. Herrmann, J. Rauschenberger, R. Holzwarth, H.A. Schuessler, F. Krausz, T.W. Hänsch, A frequency comb in the extreme ultraviolet. Nature 436, 234 (2005)
R. Jones, K. D. Moll, M. J. Thorpe, J. Ye, Phase-Coherent Frequency Combs in the Vacuum Ultraviolet via High-Harmonic Generation inside a Femtosecond Enhancement Cavity. Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 193 201 (2005)
D.C. Yost, T.R. Schibli, J. Ye, Efficient output coupling of intracavity high harmonic generation. Opt. Lett. 33, 1099–1101 (2008)
A. Ozawa, J. Rauschenberger, C. Gohle, M. Herrmann, D.R. Walker, V. Pervak, A. Fernandez, R. Graf, A. Apolonski, R. Holzwarth, F. Krausz, T. Hänsch, and T. Udem, High Harmonic Frequency Combs for High Resolution Spectroscopy. Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 253901 (2008)
A. Cingöz, D.C. Yost, J. Ye, A. Ruehl, M. Fermann, I. Hartl, Power scaling of high-repetition-rate HHG. International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena, 2010
B. Bernhardt, A. Ozawa, I. Pupeza, A. Vernaleken, Y. Kobayashi, R. Holzwarth, E. Fill, F. Krausz, T.W. Hänsch, T. Udem, Green enhancement cavity for frequency comb generation in the extreme ultraviolet. CLEO, paper QTuF3, 2011
A. Ozawa, Y. Kobayashi, Intracavity high harmonic generation driven by Yb-fiber based MOPA system at 80 MHz repetition rate. CLEO, paper CThB4, 2011
T. Brabec, F. Krausz, Intense few-cycle laser fields: Frontiers of nonlinear optics. Rev. Mod. Phys. 72, 545 (2000)
F. Krausz, M. Ivanov, Attosecond physics. Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 163 (2009)
A. Barty, S. Boutet, M. Bogan, S. Hau-Riege, S. Marchesini, K. Sokolowski-Tinten, N. Stojanovic, R. Tobey, H. Ehrke, A. Cavalleri, S. Düsterer, M. Frank, S. Bajt, B.W. Woods, M.M. Seibert, J. Hajdu, R. Treusch, H.N. Chapman, Ultrafast single-shot diffraction imaging of nanoscale dynamics. Nat. Photogr. 2, 415 (2008)
P.W. Wachulak, M.C. Marconi, R.A. Bartels, C.S. Menoni, J.J. Rocca, Soft X-ray laser holography with wavelength resolution. Opt. Express 15, 10622 (2007)
J. Filevich, K. Kanizay, M.C. Marconi, J.L.A. Chilla, J.J. Rocca, Dense plasma diagnostics with an amplitude-division soft-X-ray laser interferometer based on diffraction gratings. Opt. Lett. 25, 356 (2000)
P.C. Hinnen, S.E. Werners, S. Stolte, W. Hogervorst, W. Ubachs, XUV-laser spectroscopy of HD at 92–98 nm. Phys. Rev. A 52, 4425 (1995)
J. Lin, N. Weber, J. Maul, S. Hendel, K. Rott, M. Merkel, G. Schoenhense, U. Kleineberg, At-wavelength inspection of sub-40 nm defects in extreme ultraviolet lithography mask blank by photoemission electron microscopy. Opt. Lett. 32, 1875 (2007)
A.L. Cavalieri, N. Müller, T. Uphues, V.S. Yakovlev, A. Baltuska, B. Horvath, B. Schmidt, L. Blümel, R. Holzwarth, S. Hendel, M. Drescher, U. Kleineberg, P.M. Echenique, R. Kienberger, F. Krausz, U. Heinzmann, Attosecond spectroscopy in condensed matter. Nature 449, 1029 (2007)
I. Hartl, T.R. Schibli, A. Marcinkevicius, D.C. Yost, D.D. Hudson, M.E. Fermann, J. Ye, Cavity-enhanced similariton Yb-fiber laser frequency comb: \(3\times 10^{14}\) W/cm\(^2\) peak intensity at 136MHz. Opt. Lett. 32, 2870 (2007)
I. Pupeza, T. Eidam, J. Rauschenberger, B. Bernhardt, A. Ozawa, E. Fill, A. Apolonski, T. Udem, J. Limpert, Z.A. Alahmed, A.M. Azzeer, A. Tünnermann, T.W. Hänsch, F. Krausz, Power scaling of a high repetition rate enhancement cavity. Opt. Lett. 12, 2052 (2010)
I. Pupeza, X. Gu, E. Fill, T. Eidam, J. Limpert, A.Tünnermann, F. Krausz, T. Udem, Highly sensitive dispersion measurement of a high-power passive optical resonator using spatial-spectral interferometry. Opt. Express 18, 26184 (2010)
I. Pupeza, E. Fill, F. Krausz, Low-loss VIS/IR-XUV beam splitter for high-power applications. Opt. Express 19, 12108 (2011)
Y.-Y. Yang, F. Süssmann, S. Zherebtsov, I. Pupeza, J. Kaster, D. Lehr, E.-B. Kley, E. Fill, X.-M. Duan, Z.-S. Zhao, F. Krausz, S. Stebbings, M.F. Kling, Optimization and characterization of a highly-efficient diffraction nanograting for MHz XUV pulses. Opt. Express 19, 1955 (2011)
J. Weitenberg, P. Russbüldt, T. Eidam, I. Pupeza, Transverse mode tailoring in a quasi-imaging high-finesse femtosecond enhancement cavity. Opt. Express 19, 9551 (2011)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2012 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Pupeza, I. (2012). Introduction. In: Power Scaling of Enhancement Cavities for Nonlinear Optics. Springer Theses. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4100-7_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4100-7_1
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-4099-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-4100-7
eBook Packages: Physics and AstronomyPhysics and Astronomy (R0)