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Pediatric Hematology-Oncology in Countries with Limited Resources pp 73–90Cite as

Care and Prevention of Infection

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Abstract

Infections are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in children with cancer who are at high risk for infections due to immunodeficiency. In these patients, a broad range of pathogens may affect all organ systems; the dissociation of severity with clinical presentation and rapid progression sum to the risk for unfavorable outcomes. Therefore, early recognition and treatment of infections are critical to reduce morbidity and increase survival. Prevention of infection is the key to reduce the risks of these patients.

Healthcare institutions in low- and middle-income countries often have multiple deficiencies and faced with financial and organizational challenges for implementing adequate care and prevention programs and for the management of infectious complications. Despite the limitations and constraints, using standard guidelines and adapting them to existing resources can provide a rational care. Investment in optimum care and prevention can have high returns.

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Abbreviations

AFB:

Acid fast bacilli

AmB:

Amphotericin B

ANC:

Absolute neutrophil count

APIC:

Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology

CDC:

Centers for Disease Control

CMV:

Cytomegalic virus

CRBI:

Catheter-related blood stream infection

CT:

Computed tomography

CVC:

Central venous catheter

FN:

Fever and neutropenia

GI:

Gastrointestinal

HAI:

Healthcare-associated infection

HCI:

High-income country

HCP:

Healthcare providers

HEPA:

High-efficiency particulate air

HSCT:

Hematopoietic stem cell trans-plantation

HSV:

Herpes simplex virus

ICP:

Infection prevention control

ICU:

Intensive care unit

ID:

Infectious disease

IFD:

Invasive fungal disease

IGRA:

Interferon gamma release assays

IV:

Intravenous

L-AmB:

Liposomal amphotericin B

LMCI:

Low- and middle-income countries

NCI:

National Cancer Institute

NGO:

Nongovernmental organization

PCC:

Pediatric cancer center

PV:

Peripheral vein

SENIC:

Study of the Efficacy of Nosocomial Infection Control

SP:

Subcutaneous port

TB:

Tuberculosis

TD:

Time to detection

TMP-SMX:

Trimethoprim—sulfamethoxazole

TST:

Tuberculin skin test

WHO:

World Health Organization

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Director of the Infectious Diseases—International Outreach Division, Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA

    Miguela A. Caniza M.D.

  2. Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA

    Gabriela Maron M.D.

Authors
  1. Miguela A. Caniza M.D.
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  2. Gabriela Maron M.D.
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Miguela A. Caniza M.D. .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg Hospital, Tygerberg, South Africa

    Daniela Cristina Stefan

  2. Harvard Medical School, Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

    Carlos Rodriguez-Galindo

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Caniza, M.A., Maron, G. (2014). Care and Prevention of Infection. In: Stefan, D., Rodriguez-Galindo, C. (eds) Pediatric Hematology-Oncology in Countries with Limited Resources. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3891-5_7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3891-5_7

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