Abstract
Allocation is a frequently recurring concept from the economic literature which has sneaked into the field of medicine and calls on physicians, patients, their families and policy-makers to face up to complex challenges.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development. OECD health data 2005. Paris: OECD; 2005.
Istat. Italia in cifre 2005. Rome: Istat; 2006. www.istat.it. Accessed 7 Oct 2010.
Italian Ministry of Economics and Finance, Department of General Accounts. Mid-long term Trends for the Pension and Health Care Systems Summary and Conclusions. The forecasts of the Department of General Accounts Updated to 2005. Rome: Ministry of Economics and Finance; 2005. Available in English at http://cerp.unito.it/datienormative/datiedocumenti/mid-long_term_trends1. Accessed 7 Oct 2010.
European health for all database [database online]. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe; 2003. http://hfadb.who.dk/hfa. Accessed 10 Oct 2010.
McKee M. Reducing hospital beds: What are the lessons to be learned? European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies. Policy brief no. 6; 2004.
Giannoni M. Universality and decentralisation: the evolution of the Italian health care system. Eurohealth. 2006;12(2):10–3.
Constitution of the Italian Republic, Art. 32. Available at http://www.governo.it/Governo/Costituzione/1_titolo2.html. Available in English at http://www.senato.it/documenti/repository/istituzione/costituzione_inglese.pdf. Accessed 12 Oct 2010.
Legge 23 Dicembre 1978, n.833. Istituzione del servizio sanitario nazionale (G.U. n. 360 del 28 dicembre 1978). http://www.normativasanitaria.it/jsp/dettaglio.jsp?id=21035. Accessed 16 Oct 2010.
World Health Organization. World Health Report 2000. Geneva: WHO; 2000. www.who.int/whr/2000/en/statistics.htm. Accessed 18 Oct 2010.
Italian Ministry of Health. Piano Sanitario Nazionale 1998–2000. Un patto di solidarietà per la salute (Health Care Plan 1998–2000. A solidarity pact for health). Ministero della Sanità, Roma, 1998.
Giannoni M, Hitiris T. The regional impact of health care expenditure: the case of Italy. Appl Econ. 2002;14:1829–36.
Decreto Legislativo 19 Giugno 1999, n. 229. “Norme per la razionalizzazione del Servizio sanitario nazionale, a norma dell’articolo 1 della legge 30 novembre 1998, n. 419”. Pubblicato nella Gazzetta Ufficiale n. 165 del 16 luglio 1999 – Suppl. Ord. n. 132. http://www.parlamento.it/parlam/leggi/deleghe/99229dl.htm. Accessed 18 Oct 2010.
Bindi R. Health care reform in Italy. Oxford: St Antony’s College University of Oxford, European Studies Centre, Lecture series, Michaelmas Term 2002. Available in English at http://www.sant.ox.ac.uk/esc/esc-lectures/bindi.doc. Accessed 20 Oct 2010.
Hastings Center. Gli scopi della medicina:nuove priorità. Edizione italiana a cura di Maurizio Mori. Notizie di POLITEIA Anno 13 – N. 45, 1997.
Cantú E, Anessi Pessina E, editors. L’aziendalizzazione della sanità in Italia (Transformation of the Italian health care system into an ‘enterprise’). Rapporto OASI, Milan: CERGAS-Bocconi; 2004.
La CI. medicina delle scelte. Torino: Boringhieri; 2000.
Berlinguer G. Bioethics, health, and inequality. Lancet. 2004;364:1086–91.
Szalados JE. Access to critical care: medical rationing of a public right or privilege? Crit Care Med. 2004;32:1623–4.
Cook D, Giacomini M. The sound of silence: rationing resources for critically ill patients. Crit Care. 1999;3:R1–3.
Vincent JL. European attitudes towards ethical problems in intensive care medicine: results of an ethical questionnaire. Intensive Care Med. 1990;16:256–64.
Metcalfe MA, Sloggett A, McPherson K. Mortality among appropriately referred patients refused admission to intensive-care units. Lancet. 1997;350:7–11.
Coomber S, Todd C, Park G, Baxter P, Firth-Cozens J, Shore S. Stress in UK intensive care unit doctors. Br J Anaesth. 2002;89:873–81.
Associazione Anestesisti Rianimatori Ospedalieri Italiani (AAROI). Censimento nazionale dei posti letto di rianimazione attivi al 30 giugno 2005. http://www.aaroi.it/Pagine/iniziative/iniziative_2005/censimento_nazionale_01.pdf. Accessed 25 Oct 2010.
Moreno R, Reis Miranda D. Nursing staff in intensive care in Europe: the mismatch between planning and practice. Chest. 1998;113:752–8.
Iapichino G, Radrizzani D, Rossi C, Pezzi A, Anghileri A, Boffelli S, Giardino M, Mistraletti G, Bertolini G, GiViTI Group. Proposal of a flexible structural-organizing model for the Intensive Care Units. Minerva Anestesiol. 2007;73(10):501–6.
Ron A, Aronne LJ, Kalb PE, Santini D, Charlson ME. The therapeutic efficacy of critical care units. Identifying subgroups of patients who benefit. Arch Int Med. 1989;149:338–41.
Sprung CL, Geber D, Eidelman LA, et al. Evaluation of triage decisions for intensive care admission. Crit Care Med. 1999;27:1073–9.
Bone RC, McElwee NE, Eubanks DH, Gluck EH. Analysis of indications for intensive care unit admission. Clinical efficacy assessment project: American College of Physicians. Chest. 1993;104:1806–11.
Rosenthal GE, Sirio CA, Shepardson LB, Harper DL, Rotondi AJ, Cooper GS. Use of intensive care units for patients with low severity of illness. Arch Intern Med. 1998;158:1144–51.
Society of Critical Care Medicine Ethics Committee. Consensus statement on the triage of critically ill patients. JAMA. 1994;271:1200–3.
American Thoracic Society. Fair allocation of intensive care unit resources. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1997;156:1282–301.
Task Force of the American College of Critical Care Medicine. Guidelines for ICU admission, discharge, and triage. Crit Care Med. 1999;27:633–8.
Gruppo di Studio ad Hoc della Commissione di Bioetica della SIAARTI. SIAARTI guidelines for admission to and discharge from Intensive Care Units and for limitation of treatment in intensive care. Minerva Anestesiol. 2003;69(3):101–18.
Giannini A, Consonni D. Physicians’ perceptions and attitudes regarding inappropriate admissions and resource allocation in the intensive care setting. Br J Anaesth. 2006;96(1):57–62.
SIAARTI – Italian Society of Anaesthesia Analgesia Resuscitation and Intensive Care Bioethical Board. End-of-life care and the intensivist: SIAARTI recommendations on the management of the dying patient. Minerva Anestesiol. 2006;72(12):927–63.
Boffelli S, Rossi C, Anghileri A, Giardino M, Carnevale L, Messina M, Neri M, Langer M, Bertolini G. Continuous quality improvement in intensive care medicine. The GiViTI Margherita project—Report 2005. Minerva Anestesiol. 2006;72:419–32.
Bertolini G, Boffelli S, Malacarne P, Peta M, Marchesi M, Barbisan C, Tomelleri S, Spada S, Satolli R, Gridelli B, Lizzola I, Mazzon D. End-of-life decision-making and quality of ICU performance: an observational study in 84 Italian units. Intensive Care Med. 2010;36(9):1495–504.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Luchetti, M., Marraro, G.A. (2013). Italy: Where Have We Been?. In: Crippen, D. (eds) ICU Resource Allocation in the New Millennium. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3866-3_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3866-3_7
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-3865-6
Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-3866-3
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)