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Infectious Esophagitis

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Abstract

Infectious esophagitis is relatively rare in an immunocompetent host. The presence of an esophageal infection is usually indicative of an impairment of either local or systemic defense mechanisms that normally act to prevent the colonization of a digestive organ that has a relatively transient contact with swallowed microbes. The spectrum of esophageal infections has changed over the past few decades. Esophageal infections were rare before the advent of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and posttransplant immunosuppressive treatment regimens with case reports largely confined to autopsy series. The explosion in opportunistic esophageal infections heralded by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and medication treatment-induced immunosuppression has been largely reversed by the efficacy of highly active retroviral therapy (HAART) in treating HIV and refinements in immunosuppressive therapy and transplant management in general [ 1– 3 ]. Nevertheless, socioeconomic barriers to widespread availability of HAART, a lack of compliance, and continued use of immunosuppressive therapy in a variety of diseases will likely perpetuate the morbidity from esophageal infections.

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Abbreviations

AIDS:

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome

CMV:

Cytomegalovirus

HAART:

Highly active retroviral therapy

HIV:

Human immunodeficiency virus

HSV:

Herpes simplex virus

PCR:

Polymerase chain reaction

TB:

Tuberculosis

VZV:

Varicella-zoster virus

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore

    Vikneswaran Namasivayam MBBS, MRCP

  2. Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA

    Joseph A. Murray MD

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  1. Vikneswaran Namasivayam MBBS, MRCP
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  2. Joseph A. Murray MD
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Correspondence to Joseph A. Murray MD .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Div. Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, West Wisconsin Avenue 9200, Milwaukee, 53226, Wisconsin, USA

    Reza Shaker

  2. , Dpt Otolaryngology/Head & Neck Surg., UC Davis Medical Center, Stockton Blvd. 2521, Sacramento, 95817, California, USA

    Peter C. Belafsky

  3. Ctr for Voice, Airway & Swallowing Disor, Department of Otolaryngology, Georgia Health Sciences University, 15th Street 1120, Augusta, 30912, Georgia, USA

    Gregory N. Postma

  4. , Dpt of Communication Sciences & Disorder, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, East Hartford Ave 2400, Milwaukee, 53201, Wisconsin, USA

    Caryn Easterling

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Namasivayam, V., Murray, J.A. (2013). Infectious Esophagitis. In: Shaker, R., Belafsky, P., Postma, G., Easterling, C. (eds) Principles of Deglutition. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3794-9_46

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