Abstract
The chapter gives an account on the origin, centers of diversity, distribution, and uses of 11 major and 10 minor economic important tropical food legumes. It reports on the results of a comprehensive assessment on the current status of the conservation of the genetic resources of these crops. The study found that over one million accessions of the germplasm of these crops are presently being conserved in hundreds of genebanks globally. The largest collection is soybean with 230,026 accessions, followed by common bean (184,814), groundnut (128,435), chickpea (98,313), pea (94,001), cowpea (61,340), lentil (58,405), broadbean (43,695), mung bean (41,944), pigeon pea (40,509), and lima bean (13,991). The diversity of these major important crops appeared to have been relatively well preserved. It has not been the case for the minor ones, as their collection is small. Black gram only has 7,435 accessions; Bambara groundnut 5,609, lablab bean 5,520, rice bean 4,815, scarlet runner bean 4,813, winged bean 4,696, moth bean 3,811, yard-long bean 2,098, runner bean 934, tepary bean 865, Jack bean 800, tamarind 642, African yam bean 207, sword bean 171, catjan bean <80, creole bean <40 and kersting’s groundnut <40 accessions. Similarly, the diversity of the wild relatives of all food legumes is not very well collected and preserved. It is recommended that further research for enhancing the use of food legumes should be promoted and plant collecting expeditions for the wild relatives of all food legumes, and the traditional cultivars of the minor species should be conducted.
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Acknowledgement
Many individuals whose names are too numerous to acknowledge had responded positively to the request by the author for information and assistance in clarifying matters related to genebank holdings and others. Specific thank goes to the staff of the IITA Genebank, the national focal points and stakeholders of the NISM-GPA project in many Asian countries for their support, enthusiasm in conserving genetic resource, and willingness in sharing information
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Appendix 1. Acronyms for Names of Institutes, Genebanks and Terms Used in the Food Legume Chapter
Appendix 1. Acronyms for Names of Institutes, Genebanks and Terms Used in the Food Legume Chapter
Acronym | Name, country |
---|---|
AARI | Plant Genetic Resources Department, Izmir, Turkey |
AICRP-Mullarp | All India Coordinated Research Project on Mullarp, India |
AISLJ | Crops and Seed Production Department, Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Slovenia |
AMFO | G.I.E. Amelioration Fourragere, France |
AMGRC | Australian Medicago Genetic Resources Centre, South Australian Research and Development Institute, Australia |
ATCFC | Australian Tropical Crops and Forage Genetic Resources Centre, Australia |
ATFCC | Australian Template Filed Crops Collection, Horsham Victoria, Australia |
AUSPGRIS | Australian Plant Genetic Resource Information Service |
AVRDC | Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center (also known as World Vegetable Center), Shanhua, Taiwan |
BARI | Plant Genetic Resources Centre, BARI, Bangladesh |
BBC-INTA | Banco Base de Germoplasm, Instituto de Recursos Biologicos, Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuria, Hurlingham, Argentina |
BCA | Bunda College of Agriculture, Lilongwe, Malawi |
BNGTRA-PROINPA | FundaciĂłn para la PromociĂłn e InvestigaciĂłn de Productos Andinos, Bolivia |
CATIE | Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza, Costa Rica |
CENARGEN_Em | Embrapa Recursos Geneticos e Biotecnologia, Brazil |
CENARGEN_Green | Greenhouse Collection, Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brazil |
CGIAR | Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research, Washington, DC, USA |
CGN | Centre for Genetic Resources, the Netherlands Plant Research International, Wageningen, Netherlands |
CIAT | Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical, Cali, Colombia |
CIFP | Centro de Investigaciones Fitoecogeneticas de Pairumani, Cochbamba, Bolivia |
CNPH | Embrapa Hortalicas, Brasilia, Brazil |
CNPSO | Embrapa Soja, Londrina, Brazil |
CNSF | Centre National de Semences Forestieres, Burkina Faso |
CORPOICA | Centro de InvestigaciĂłn La Selva, CorporaciĂłn Colombiana de InvestigaciĂłn Agropecuaria, Colombia |
CPBBD | Central Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Division, Nepal Agricultural Research Council, Nepal |
CRAF | Centre de Recherches Environnementale, Agricole et de Formation de Kamboinse, Burkina Faso |
CSIRO | Indigenous Crop Relatives Collection, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Australia |
CTPRSC-DA/Th | Chaiyapoom Technical and Production Resources Service Center, Thailand |
CUNSUROC-USAC | Centro Universitario de Sur Occidente, Universidad de San Carlos, Guatemela |
DAR | Department of Agricultural Research, Ministry of Agriculture, Botawana |
DENAREF | Departmento Nacional de Recursos Fitogeneticos y Biotecnologia, Ecuador |
DGCB-UM | Department of Genetics and Cellular Biology, University Malaysia, Malaysia |
DLEG | Desert Legume Program, Tucson, Arizona, USA |
DOA | Department of Agriculture, Papua New Guinea University of Technology, Papua New Guinea |
ECPFSS | EstaciĂłn Central de Pastos y Forrajes de Sancti Spiritus, Cuba |
EEF-UCR | Estación Experimental Fraijanes – Universidad de Costa Rica, Costa Rica |
EURISCO | European Network of Ex-Situ National Inventories, Rome, Italy |
FCA-UNSM | Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de San MartĂn, Peru |
FCRI-DA/TH | Field Crop Research Institute, Department of Agriculture, Thailand |
GPA | Global Plan of Action |
GRIN-CA | Germplasm Resources Information Network-Canadian Version, Canada |
HBBRMAI | National Botanical Garden of Belgium, Belgium |
IAPAR | Area de Documentacao, Instituto Agronomico do Parana, Brazil |
IBC | Institute of Biodiversity Conservation, Adis Ababa, Ethiopia |
IBPGR | International Board for Plant Genetic Resources, FAO (the predecessor of IPGRI and Bioversity International) |
ICA/REGION 1 | CorporaciĂłn Colombiana de InvestigaciĂłn Agropecuaria Tibaitata, CORPOICA, Colombia |
ICABIOGRAD | Indonesian Center for Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Research and Development, Bogor, Indonesia |
ICARDA | International Centre for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas (CGIAR), Aleppo, Syrian Arab Republic |
ICGR-CAAS | Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China |
ICRISAT | International Crop Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (CGIAR), Patancheru, India |
IDI | The International Dambala (Winged Bean) Institute, Sri Lanka |
IFVCNS | Institute for Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia |
IGFRI | Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, India |
IGV | Istituto di Genetica Vegetale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Richerche, Italy |
IITA | International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (CGIAR), Ibadan, Nigeria |
ILRI | International Livestock Centre for Africa (CGIAR), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia |
INIA CARI | Centro Regional de Investigacion INIA Carillanca, Temuco, Chile |
INIA-CENIP | INIA – Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Venezuela |
INIA-Iguala | Estacion de Iguala, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agricolas, Iguala, Mexico |
INIFAP | Instituto Nacional de Investigacioes Forestales, Agricolas y Pecuarias, Mexico |
INRA-MONTPEL | Genetics and Plant Breeding Station, ESRA-INAR SGAP, France |
INRA-RENNES | Station d’Amelioration des Plantes, INRA, France |
INRA-VERSAIL | Station de Genetique/Amelioration des Plantes, INRA, Versailles Cedex, France |
IPGR | Institute for Plant Genetic Resources “K. Malkov”, Sadovo, Bulgaria |
IPGRI | International Plant Genetic Resource Institute (predecessor of Bioversity International), Rome, Italy |
IPK | Genebank, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Germany |
IR | Institute of Plant Production n.a. V.Y. Yurjev of UAAS, Ukraine |
IREGEP | Instituto de Recursos Genéticos y Productividad, Colegio de Postgraduados, Mexico |
ISRA | Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Senegal |
IGV | Istituto di Genetic Vegetale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Richerche, Bari, Italy |
KARI-NGBK | National Genebank of Kenya, Crop Plant Genetic Resources Centre – Muguga Kenya |
LBEV | Laboratoire de Botanique et Ecologie Végétale, Togo |
LBN | National Biological Institute, Bogor, Indonesia |
MRS | Msekera Research Station, Chipata, Zambia |
NARC | National Horticultural Research Centre, Thika, Kenya |
NBPGR_Delhi | National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources. New Delhi, India |
NBPGR_Jodhpur | Regional Station Jodhpur, NBPGR, India |
NBPGR_Thrissur | Regional Station Thrissur, NBPGR, India |
NIAS | National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba-shi, Japan |
NISM-GPA | National Information Sharing Mechanism on the Implementation of the Global Plan of Action for the Conservation and Sustainable Use of PGRFA, FAO, Rome, Italy |
NKTPRS-DA/TH | Nong Kai Technical and Production Service Center, Thailand |
NORDGEN | Nordic Genetic Resource Center, Alnarp, Sweden |
NPGBI-SPII | National Plant Genebank of Iran, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Iran, Islamic Rep. of |
NPGRC | National Plant Genetic Resources Centre, Tanzania |
NPGRL/IBP-UPLB | National Plant Genetic Resources Laboratory, Institute of Plant Breeding, University of the Philippines Los Banos, Philippines |
ORSTOM-MONT | Laboratoire des Ressources Génétiques et Amélioration des Plantes Tropicales, ORSTOM, France |
PGRC | Plant Gene Resources of Canada, Saskatoon Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Canada |
PGRFA | Plant Genetic Resource for Food and Agriculture |
PGRI | Plant Genetic Resources Institute, Islamabad, Pakistan |
PGRRI | Plant Genetic Resources Research Institute, Ghana |
PRC | Plant Resource Centre, Vietnam |
PREPSC | Division of Plant and Seed Control, Department of Agriculture, Technical Service, South Africa |
PTPRSC-DA/TH | Phetchaburi Technical and Production Resources Service Center, Thailand |
Puslitkaret | Indonesian Rubber Research Institute, Indonesia |
RAS PGRC | RSA, Plant Genetic Resources Centre, South Africa |
RBG | Millennium Seed Bank, Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew, Wakehurst, U.K. |
RCA | Institute for Agrobotany, Tapioszele, Hungary |
RDAGB-GRD | Genetic Resources Division, National Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Rural Development Administration, Suweon, Republic of Korea |
S9/USDA | Southern Regional Plant Introduction Station, U. Georgia, USDA-ARS, Griffin, USA |
SAARI | Serere Agriculture and Animal Production Research Institute, Uganda |
SASA | Science and Advice for Scottish Agriculture, Scottish Government, U.K. |
SCARPP | Scientific Center of Agriculture and Plant Protection, Armenia |
SGRC | SADC Plant Genetic Resources Centre, Zambia |
SHRWIAT, Poland | Plant Breeding Station, Wiatrowo, Poland |
SINGER | System-wide Information Network on Genetic Resources, CGIAR, Rome, Italy |
SKV | Plant Genetic Resources Laboratory, Research Institute of Vegetable Crops, Poland |
SOFRI | Southern Fruit Research Institute, Vietnam |
SOY | Soybean Germplasm Collection, USDA-ARS, Urbana, USA |
SoWPGR2 | The second report on the state of the world’s PGRFA, FAO, Rome, Italy |
SUMPERK | Agritec, Research, Breeding and Services Ltd., Sumperk, Czech Republic |
TARI | Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Taichung, Taiwan |
TISTR | Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research, Thailand |
TPOPIC | Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Agriculture, Czech University of Agriculture, Czech Republic |
UACH | Banco Nacional de Germoplasma Vegetal, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidad AutĂłnoma de Chapingo, Mexico |
UC-ICN | Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Ecuador |
UFCG | Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Brazil |
UNA | Programa de InvestigaciĂłn en Hortalizas, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Peru |
UNALM | Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Peru |
UNHEVAL | Universidad Nacional Hermilio Abad del Cusco, Centro K’Ayra, Peru |
UPM-BGV | Comunidad de Madrid, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Escuela Techica Superior de Ingenieros Agronomos, Banco de Germoplasma, Spain |
USDA-GRIN | Germplasm Resources Information Network, United States Department of Agriculture, USA |
UzRIPI | Uzbek Research Institute of Plant Industry, Uzbekistan |
VIR | N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Plant Industry, St. Petersburg, Russia |
W6/USDA | Western Regional Plant Introduction Station, USDA-ARS Washington State University, USA |
WIEWS | FAO World Information and Early Warning System on Plant Genetic Resources, FAO, Rome, Italy |
ZARI | Zambia Agriculture Research Institute, Zambia |
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Ng, N.Q. (2013). Conserving Tropical Leguminous Food Crops. In: Normah, M., Chin, H., Reed, B. (eds) Conservation of Tropical Plant Species. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3776-5_11
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