Abstract
Auditory–visual representation provide redundant information about vocal individuals (i.e., who is vocalizing), and studies have reported such an ability in various vertebrate species. I introduce behavioral evidences of such abilities in animals and characterize the experimental paradigms that have been used in this field of study. I then compare vocal-type representation in nonhuman primates with that in humans, and discuss the evolution of human-specific phoneme representation (representation of articulatory gestures) that might relate to the faculty of language.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Adachi, I., & Fujita, K. (2007). Cross-modal representation of human caretakers in squirrel monkeys. Behavioural Processes, 74, 27–32.
Adachi, I., Kuwahata, H., & Fujita, K. (2007). Dogs recall their owner’s face upon hearing the owner’s voice. Animal Cognition, 10, 17–21.
Adachi, I., Kuwahata, H., Fujita, K., Tomonaga, M., & Matsuzawa, T. (2006). Japanese macaques form a cross-modal representation of their own species in their first year of life. Primates, 47, 350–354.
Bernstein, L. E., Demorest, M. E., & Tucker, P. E. (2000). Speech perception without hearing. Perception & Psychophysics, 62, 233–252.
Blumstein, D. T., & Daniel, J. C. (2004). Yellow-belled marmots discriminate between the alarm calls of individuals and are more responsive to calls from juveniles. Animal Behaviour, 68, 1257–1265.
Bovet, D., & Deputte, B. L. (2009). Matching vocalizations to faces of familiar conspecifics in grey-cheeked mangabeys (Lophocebus albigena). Folia Primatologica, 80, 220–232.
Calvert, G. A., Brammer, M. J., & Iversen, S. D. (1998). Crossmodal identification. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 2, 247–253.
Campanella, S., & Belin, P. (2007). Integrating face and voice in person perception. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 11, 535–543.
Carey, S., & Bartlett, E. (1978). Acquiring a single new word. Papers and Reports on Child Language Development, 15, 17–29.
Ceugniet, M., & Izumi, A. (2004). Vocal individual discrimination in Japanese monkeys. Primates, 45, 119–128.
Colombo, M., & D’Amato, M. R. (1986). A comparison of visual and auditory short-term memory in monkeys (Cebus apella). Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 38B, 425–448.
Colombo, M., & Graziano, M. (1994). Effects of auditory and visual interference on auditory-visual delayed matching to sample in monkey (Macaca fascicularis). Behavioral Neuroscience, 108, 636–639.
Coulon, M., Deputte, B. L., van Heyman, Y., & Baudoin, C. (2009). Individual recognition in domestic cattle (Bos taurus): Evidence from 2D-images of heads from different breeds. PLoS One, 4, e4441.
Cowey, A., & Weiskrantz, L. (1975). Demonstration of cross-modal matching in rhesus monkeys, Macaca mulatta. Neuropsychologia, 13, 117–120.
Davenport, R. K., & Rogers, C. M. (1970). Intermodal equivalence of stimuli in apes. Science, 168, 279–280.
Davenport, R. K., & Rogers, C. M. (1971). Perception of photographs by apes. Behaviour, 39, 318–320.
Davenport, R. K., Rogers, C. M., & Russell, I. S. (1973). Cross modal perception in apes. Neuropsychologia, 11, 21–28.
Dodd, B. (1979). Lip reading in infants: Attention to speech presented in- and out-of-synchrony. Cognitive Psychology, 11, 478–784.
Ettlinger, G. (1967). Analysis of cross-modal effects and their relationship to language. In F. L. Darley & C. H. Millikan (Eds.), Brain mechanisms underlying speech and language (pp. 53–60). New York, Grune & Stratton.
Ettlinger, G., & Blakemore, C. B. (1967). Cross-modal matching in the monkey. Neuropsychologia, 5, 147–154.
Evans, T. A., Howell, S., & Westergaard, G. C. (2005). Auditory-visual cross-modal perception of communicative stimuli in tufted capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella). Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 31, 399–406.
Gaffan, D., & Harrison, S. (1991). Auditory-visual associations, hemispheric specialization and temporal-frontal interaction in the rhesus monkey. Brain, 114, 2133–2144.
Geschwind, N. (1965). Disconnection syndrome in animals and man. Brain, 88, 237–294.
Ghazanfar, A. A., & Logothetis, N. K. (2003). Facial expressions linked to monkey calls. Nature, 423, 937–938.
Ghazanfar, A. A., & Schroeder, C. E. (2006). Is neocortex essentially multisensory? Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 10, 278–285.
Ghazanfar, A. A., Turesson, H. K., Maier, J. X., van Dinther, R., Patterson, R. D., & Logothetis, N. K. (2007). Vocal-tract resonances as indexical cues in rhesus monkeys. Current Biology, 17, 425–430.
Gogate, L. J., & Bahrick, L. E. (1998). Intersensory redundancy facilitates learning of arbitrary relations between vowel sounds and objects in seven-month-old infants. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 69, 133–149.
Hashiya, K., & Kojima, S. (1997). Auditory-visual intermodal matching by a chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes). Japanese Psychological Research, 39, 182–190.
Hashiya, K., & Kojima, S. (2001a). Acquisition of auditory-visual intermodal matching-to-sample by a chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes): Comparison with visual-visual intermodal matching. Animal Cognition, 4, 231–239.
Hashiya, K., & Kojima, S. (2001b). Hearing and auditory-visual intermodal recognition in the chimpanzee. In T. Matsuzawa (Ed.), Primate origins of human cognition and behavior (pp. 155–189). Tokyo: Springer.
Howard, I. P., & Templeton, W. B. (1966). Human spatial orientation. New York, NY: Willey.
Izumi, A., & Kojima, S. (2004). Matching vocalizations to vocalizing faces in a chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes). Animal Cognition, 7, 179–184.
Izumi, A., Kuraoka, K., Kojima, S., & Nakamura, K. (2001). Visually guided facial actions in rhesus monkeys. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 1, 266–269.
Janik, V. M., & Slater, P. J. B. (1997). Vocal learning in mammals. Advances in the Study of Behavior, 26, 59–99.
Jordan, K. E., Brannon, E. M., Logothetis, N. K., & Ghazanfar, A. A. (2005). Monkeys match the number of voices they hear to the number of faces they see. Current Biology, 15, 1034–1038.
Jouventin, P., Aubin, T., & Lengagne, T. (1999). Finding a parent in a king penguin colony: The acoustic system of individual recognition. Animal Behaviour, 57, 1175–1183.
Kaminski, J., Call, J., & Fischer, J. (2004). Word learning in a domestic dog: Evidence for “fast mapping”. Science, 304, 1682–1683.
Kojima, S. (1985). Auditory short-term memory in the Japanese monkey. International Journal of Neuroscience, 25, 255–262.
Kojima, S. (2003). A search for the origins of human speech: Auditory and vocal functions of the chimpanzee. Kyoto: Kyoto University Press.
Kojima, S., Izumi, A., & Ceugniet, M. (2003). Identification of vocalizers by pant hoots, pant grunts and screams in a chimpanzee. Primates, 44, 225–230.
Kuhl, P. K., & Meltzoff, A. N. (1982). The bimodal development of speech in infancy. Science, 218, 1138–1141.
Kuhl, P. K., & Meltzoff, A. N. (1984). The intermodal representation of speech in infants. Infant Behavior & Development, 7, 361–381.
Kuhl, P. K., Williams, K. A., & Meltzoff, A. N. (1991). Cross-modal speech perception in adults and infants using nonspeech auditory stimuli. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance, 17, 829–840.
Lewkowicz, D. J., & Ghazanfar, A. A. (2009). The emergence of multisensory systems through perceptual narrowing. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 13, 470–478.
Liberman, A. M., & Whalen, D. H. (2000). On the relation of speech to language. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 4, 187–196.
Maier, J. X., Neuhoff, J. G., Logothetis, N. K., & Ghazanfar, A. A. (2004). Multisensory integration of looming signals by rhesus monkeys. Neuron, 43, 177–181.
Martin-Malivel, J., & Fagot, J. (2001). Cross-modal integration and conceptual categorization in baboons. Behavioural Brain Research, 122, 209–213.
McGurk, H., & MacDonald, J. (1976). Hearing lips and seeing voices. Nature, 264, 746–748.
Meltzoff, A. N., & Borton, R. W. (1979). Intermodal matching by human neonates. Nature, 282, 403–404.
Munhall, K. G., & Vatikiotis-Bateson, E. (1998). The moving face during speech communication. In R. Campbell, B. Dodd, D. Burnham (Eds.), Hearing by Eye 2: Advances in the psychology of speechreading and auditory-visual speech (pp. 123–139). Hove, UK: Psychology Press.
Murray, E. A., & Gaffan, D. (1994). Removal of the amygdala plus subjacent disrupts the retention of both intramodal and crossmodal associative memories in monkeys. Behavioral Neuroscience, 108, 494–500.
Parr, L. A. (2001). Cognitive and physiological markers of emotional awareness in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Animal Cognition, 4, 223–229.
Parr, L. A., Winslow, J. T., Hopkins, W. D., & de Waal, F. B. M. (2000). Recognizing facial cues: Individual discrimination by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Journal of Comparative Psychology, 114, 47–60.
Patterson, M. L., & Werker, J. F. (2003). Two-month-old infants match phonetic information in lips and voice. Developmental Science, 6, 191–196.
Pokorny, J. J., & de Waal, F. B. M. (2009). Monkeys recognize the faces of group mates in photographs. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 106, 21539–21543.
Proops, L., McComb, K., & Reby, D. (2009). Cross-modal individual recognition in domestic horses (Equus caballus). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 106, 947–951.
Santos, L. S., & Hauser, M. D. (1999). How monkeys see the eyes: Cotton-top tamarins’ reaction to changes in visual attention and action. Animal Cognition, 2, 131–139.
Savage-Rumbaugh, S., Sevcik, R. A., & Hopkins, W. D. (1988). Symbolic cross-modal transfer in two species of chimpanzees. Child Development, 59, 617–625.
Sayigh, L. S., Tyack, P. L., Wells, R. S., Solow, A. R., Scott, M. D., & Irvine, A. B. (1998). Individual recognition in wild bottlenose dolphins: A field test using playback experiments. Animal Behaviour, 57, 41–50.
Spelke, E. S. (1979). Perceiving bimodally specified events in infancy. Developmental Psychology, 15, 626–636.
Spelke, E. S. (1985). Preferential-looking methods as tools for the study of cognition in infancy. In G. Gottlieb & N. Krasnegor (Eds.), Measurement of audition and vision in the first year of postnatal life (pp. 323–363). Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
Stein, B. E., & Stanford, T. R. (2008). Multisensory integration: Current issues from the perspective of the single neuron. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 9, 255–266.
Sumby, W. H., & Pollack, I. (1954). Visual contribution to speech intelligibility in noise. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 26, 212–215.
Walker, A. S. (1982). Intermodal perception of expressive behaviors by human infants. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 33, 514–535.
Weiss, D. J., Garibaldi, B. T., & Hauser, M. D. (2001). The production and perception of long calls by cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus): Acoustic analyses and playback experiments. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 115, 258–271.
Woods, T. M., & Recanzone, G. H. (2004). Visually induced plasticity of auditory spatial perception in macaques. Current Biology, 14, 1559–1564.
Wright, A. A., Shyan, M. R., & Jitsumori, M. (1990). Auditory same/different concept learning by monkeys. Animal Learning & Behavior, 18, 287–294.
Wynn, K. (1992). Addition and subtraction by human infants. Nature, 358, 749–750.
Yamaguchi, C., & Izumi, A. (2008). Vocal learning in nonhuman primates: Importance of vocal contexts. In N. Masataka (Ed.), The origins of language: Unrevealing evolutionary forces (pp. 75–84). Tokyo: Springer.
Zangenehpour, S., Ghazanfar, A. A., Lewkowicz, D. J., & Zatorre, R. J. (2009). Heterochrony and cross-species intersensory matching by infant vervet monkeys. PLoS One, 4, e4302.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Izumi, A. (2013). Cross-Modal Representation in Humans and Nonhuman Animals: A Comparative Perspective. In: Belin, P., Campanella, S., Ethofer, T. (eds) Integrating Face and Voice in Person Perception. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3585-3_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3585-3_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-3584-6
Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-3585-3
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)