Abstract
We proposed an alternate configuration for dynamic multi-spectral imaging of plants at ground level, using a one-sensor monochrome FireWire-A camera combined with a liquid crystal tunable filter (LCTF) tunable at 760 nm and 695 nm. We developed an algorithm based on the traditional NDVI procedure to untraditionally solve the problem of image correspondence within sequences of spectral images collected from a moving platform. This algorithm was designed from a multi-threaded software engineering approach and had been shown to work well during acceleration, steady, and deceleration phases of a moving platform under laboratory conditions and one limited field test. The algorithm had two components: one to determine the optimal number of pixel rows passing by the camera viewport during the time period needed for the LCTF to switch between wavelengths; the other to determine the proper conditions to trigger an image saving event so as to minimize the number of images recorded that would however have enough overlaps to permit their assembly into potential field-level maps. The proposed system could process up to 14 image sets per second (3 images per set−760 nm, 695 nm and NDVI) and was found to tolerate light breezes under field conditions.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
R.J. Godwin and P.C.H. Miller, “A review of the technologies for mapping within-field variability”, Biosystems Engineering, vol. 84, no. 4, pp. 393–407, 2003.
I.M. Scotford and P.C.H. Miller, “Applications of spectral reflectance techniques in northern european cereal production: a review”, Biosystems Engineering, vol. 90, no. 3, pp. 235–250, 2005.
S.G. Bajwa, P. Bajcsy, P. Groves, and L.F. Tian, “Hyperspectral image data mining for band selection in agricultural applications”, Transactions of the ASAE, vol. 47, no. 3, pp. 895-907, 2004.
L. Estep, G. Terrie, and B. Davis, “Crop stress detection using AVIRIS hyperspectral imagery and artificial neural networks”, Int. J. Remote Sensing, vol. 25, no. 22, pp. 4999–5004, 2004.
Simpson A, Stombaugh T, Wells L, Jacob J (2003) Imaging techniques and applications for UAV’s in agriculture. ASABE technical paper No 031105
Fukagawa T, Ishii K, Noguchi N, Terao H (2003) Detecting crop growth by a multi-spectral imaging sensor. ASABE technical paper No 033125
P.K. Goel, S.O. Prasher, J.–A. Landry, R.M. Patel, A.A. Viau, and J.R. Miller, “Estimation of crop biophysical parameters through airborne and field hyperspectral remote sensing”, Transactions of the ASABE, vol. 46, no. 4, pp. 1235-1246, 2003.
T. Hague, J.A. Marchant, and N.D. Tillett, “Ground based sensing systems for autonomous agricultural vehicles”, Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, vol. 25, no. 1-2, pp. 11–28, 2000.
M. Kostrzewski, P. Waller, P. Guertin, J. Haberland, P. Colaizzi, E. Barnes, T. Thompson, T. Clarke, E. Riley, and C. Choi, “Ground-based remote sensing of water and nitrogen stress”, Transactions of the ASABE, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 29-38, 2002.
Reid JF (2004) Mobile intelligent equipment for off-road environments. In: Proceedings of the 7–8 October 2004 Conference (Kyoto, Japan), ASABE publication number 701P1004, Kyoto, 7–8 October 2004, pp 1-9
R. Sui, J.B. Wilkerson, W.E. Hart, L.R. Wilhelm, and D.D. Howard, “Multi-spectral sensor for detection of nitrogen status in cotton”, Applied Engineering in Agriculture vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 167-172, 2005.
H. Noh, Q. Zhang, S. Han, B. Shin and D. Reum, “Dynamic calibration and image segmentation methods for multispectral imaging crop nitrogen deficiency sensors”, Transactions of the ASABE, vol. 48, no. 1, pp. 393-401, 2005.
F. Rovira-Más, Q. Zhang, and J.F. Reid, “Creation of three-dimensional crop maps based on aerial stereo images”, Biosystems Engineering, vol. 90, no. 3, pp. 251–259, 2005.
M. Kise, Q. Zhang, and F. Rovira-Más, “A stereovision based crop row detection method for tractor automated guidance”, Biosystems Engineering vol. 90, no. 4, pp. 357–367, 2005.
Kaneko T, Kataoka T, Okamoto H, Hata S (2002) Development of mapping system of crop growth. In: Proceedings of the Automation Technology for Off-Road Equipment Conference (July 26–27, 2002, Chicago, Illinois, USA), ASABE publication number 701P0502, Chicago, 26–27 July 2002, pp 112–119
Nishiwaki K, Togashi T, Amaha K, Matsuo K (2001) Estimate crop position using template matching in rice production. ASABE technical paper No 013103
Tang L, Tian L (2002) Machine vision for automated corn plant spacing, growth stage and population measurements−Part I: real time image sequencing. ASABE technical paper No 023099
Shrestha DS, Steward BL, Thorp KR, Li B (2004) A rapid video frame correspondence algorithm for agricultural video field surveying. ASABE technical paper No 043058
H. Foorosh, J.B. Zerubia, and M. Berthod, “Extension of phase correlation to subpixel registration”, IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 188–200, 2002.
Keller Y, Averbuch A (2002) A unified approach to FFT based image registration. In: Proceedings of the IEEE international conference on acoustics, speech, and signal processing, May 2002
H. Erives, and G.J. Fitzgerald, “Automated registration of hyperspectral images for precision agriculture”, Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, vol. 47, no. 2, pp. 103–119, 2005.
Kise M, Zhang Q (2005) Dual stereovision application for 3D field mapping and vehicle guidance. ASABE technical paper No 051140
B.L. Steward, L.F. Tian, and L. Tang, “Distance-based control system for machine vision based selective spraying, Transactions of the ASABE vol. 45, no. 5, pp. 1255-1262, 2002.
S.G. Bajwa, and L. Tian. “Multispectral CIR image calibration for cloud shadow and soil background influence using intensity normalization, Applied Engineering in Agriculture vol. 18, no. 5, pp. 627-635, 2002.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this paper
Cite this paper
Thai, C.N., Jones, S.T., Rains, G.C. (2013). Software Design for Dynamic Stitching of Multi-Spectral Images of Field Crops. In: Sobh, T., Elleithy, K. (eds) Emerging Trends in Computing, Informatics, Systems Sciences, and Engineering. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, vol 151. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3558-7_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3558-7_4
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-3557-0
Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-3558-7
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)