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Environmental Risk Assessment for Human Pharmaceuticals: The Current State of International Regulations

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Human Pharmaceuticals in the Environment

Part of the book series: Emerging Topics in Ecotoxicology ((ETEP,volume 4))

Abstract

An overview is given on environmental risk assessment for pharmaceuticals (ERA), with a description of the current regulatory requirements for human pharmaceuticals ERA in Europe and the USA as well as developments worldwide. In addition, further developments on national levels concerning the environmental safety of pharmaceuticals are presented. Also, a short comparison with international veterinary pharmaceuticals guidelines and with biocides ERA is given.

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Acknowledgements

Our thanks to our colleagues in Europe and the USA (I Radtke; plus many others), Canada (L Jack, A Beck), Japan (Y Azuma, T Tosaka) and Australia (L Justice) for discussions, help and support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. F.Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Group SHE, LSM 49/2.033, Basle, CH-4070, Switzerland

    Jürg Oliver Straub

  2. CEFAS Weymouth Laboratory, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Sciences, The Nothe, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, UK

    Thomas H. Hutchinson

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  1. Jürg Oliver Straub
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Correspondence to Jürg Oliver Straub .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Baylor University, 1 Bear Place, Waco, 76798, Texas, USA

    Bryan W. Brooks

  2. University of North Texas, N/A, Denton, 76203, Texas, USA

    Duane B. Huggett

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Straub, J.O., Hutchinson, T.H. (2012). Environmental Risk Assessment for Human Pharmaceuticals: The Current State of International Regulations. In: Brooks, B., Huggett, D. (eds) Human Pharmaceuticals in the Environment. Emerging Topics in Ecotoxicology, vol 4. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3473-3_2

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